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Diagram of PIN Encryption Key (PEK) structure

HSM & Security

What is PEK (Pin Encryption Key)?

PEK is the abbreviation for Pin Encryption Key. The role of PEK is to encrypt PINs. There are two types of PEK: TPK (Terminal Pin Key) and ZWK (Zone Working Key).

PIN pad device connected to a POS terminal

Merchant & POS

What Is a PIN Pad Device?

A PIN pad lets cardholders safely enter their PIN during POS transactions and lets contactless cards be tapped to transfer card data to the POS. Here is how it works.

Logos of various international payment card schemes

Credit Card

What Are National and International Payment Schemes?

In the world of payment systems, just as credit cards are an indispensable product, a payment scheme is indispensable for credit cards. When a credit card product is launched, the scheme it will be issued under is decided first.

Diagram of an ATM shutter mechanism for cash deposit and withdrawal

ATM

What is an ATM Shutter?

The shutter can be described as the gate mechanism that prevents financial loss during ATM cash deposit and withdrawal transactions by controlling customer access to cash and preventing tampering with the ATM system.

Diagram showing how an international card transaction is processed

Online & Authorization

How does the international transaction flow work?

When a card transaction is made abroad, banks usually calculate the cost from a percentage commission, a fixed commission, and an exchange rate margin. The flow starts when the customer requests a cash withdrawal at a foreign ATM.

Diagram explaining the System Trace Audit Number (STAN) field in a payment transaction

Merchant & POS

What is a System Trace Audit Number (STAN)?

The System Trace Audit Number (STAN) is a number assigned by the third-party system (ATM or POS) to help uniquely identify a transaction. It is generated in the range 000001 to 999999. Each new authorization message needs a new STAN; retries reuse the original STAN.

Logo and branding of BKM, Turkey's Interbank Card Center

Payment Systems

What is BKM (Interbank Card Center)?

BKM, short for Interbank Card Center, is a legal entity established in 1990 with contributions from 13 public and private Turkish banks to provide clearing and settlement for cards.

Diagram of an e-money institution and the services it can provide under Law No. 6493

Payment Institutions & E-Money

What Is an E-Money Institution? Which Services Can It Provide Under Law No. 6493?

The Law defines e-money as monetary value issued in exchange for funds accepted by the issuer, stored electronically, used for payment transactions and accepted as a payment instrument by persons other than the issuer. This post explains e-money institutions and the services they may provide.

ISO 8583 field 52 PIN data encrypted PIN block

ISO 8583

ISO 8583 Field Descriptions (F52)

DE 52 — Personal Identification Number (PIN) Data: the field that holds the PIN data. PIN verification is carried out based on this field.

Diagram of ISO 8583 Field 3 Processing Code structure

ISO 8583

ISO 8583 Field Descriptions (F3)

Field 3, Processing Code, is the field that shows what type of transaction is being performed and is critical for authorization. A Sale from POS differs from a Cash Withdrawal at an ATM.