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Laws & Regulations
A payment institution is a legal entity that provides payment services for electronic payments through the infrastructure it offers. This article covers the Turkish regulatory framework, licensing, safeguarding, supervision, penalties and taxation.
Merchant & POS
It's important to first distinguish between magnetic-stripe and fallback transactions. A magnetic-stripe transaction skips the chip entirely, which lowers its security level compared to a fallback transaction.
Closed-Loop Payments
Is Starbucks really selling coffee, or building an ecosystem? Prepaid balances, a loyalty program and customer data turn a coffee chain's payments into a closed-loop economy, a very different model from Istanbulkart.
Payment Systems
In payment or cash withdrawal transactions, the TR QR Code is generated by the POS or ATM. The card issuing bank must build its systems to read and act on this code. Errors usually stem from mishandling the long and short QR code flows, which are explained here.
ISO 8583
DE 52 — Personal Identification Number (PIN) Data: the field that holds the PIN data. PIN verification is carried out based on this field.
Merchant & POS
Terminal Verification Results (TVR): a sequence of bits produced when a terminal reads an EMV card, based on logical checks such as an expired card. This data object is used to decide whether a payment transaction should be accepted online, declined, or allowed to proceed.
Payment Institutions & E-Money
Online shopping keeps growing, and e-commerce sites must choose between working with a bank or a payment institution. This article explains why a single application and integration with a payment institution can be the better route.
Fraud
Contactless transactions have grown rapidly, but can a payment really be made from your wallet without your knowledge? Here is what the actual risks and safeguards look like.
Debit Card
A contactless transaction is a fast, secure payment made between a chip card and a POS device without direct contact, without the card's chip or magnetic data being read through the card reader. Can this be done with a debit card (ATM card)?
Payment Systems
Every payment transaction completes in seconds, yet dozens of controls run behind the scenes. This post covers the precautions for authorization and clearing, the critical role of reversals, and the financial loss scenarios most often seen in the field.
Clearing
The YTH (Domestic Clearing and Settlement) System handles the clearing and settlement between two banks when a transaction is made at another bank's POS or ATM with a card from a different bank. Participants submit records to the YTH system, and...
Fraud
Fraud management is used to detect possible fraud on customer accounts and provides additional security for transactions when necessary, making it one of the top priorities for banks.