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Diagram showing the EMV chip card static data authentication (SDA) process

EMV

What is a Data Authentication Code (DAC)?

DAC is the abbreviation for Data Authentication Code. It is a piece of data assigned by the issuer and held by the terminal during the Signed Static Application Data verification process.

Diagram illustrating clearing and settlement in payment systems

Clearing

What Are Clearing and Settlement?

Clearing: the transmission of transfer orders sent to the system, mediating their mutual delivery, obtaining authorization prior to settlement in some systems, and netting payment orders.

Warning illustration about a fake social media gift points scam targeting card details

Credit Card

Congratulations, You Won Gift Points..

A real attempted card fraud story: a fake Facebook friend request, a promise of free bank points, and a request for card number, expiry date and CVV2. Here is what happened and how to protect yourself.

Affinity credit card with club logo illustration

Credit Card

What is an Affinity Card (Membership Card)?

An affinity card is a type of credit card issued by a bank that carries the logo of a social organization such as an association, foundation, sports club, or charity (for example, Fenerbahce Bonus). It is similar in structure to a co-branded card.

Diagram illustrating the retrieval request process in card transactions

Chargeback

What is a Retrieval Request?

A chargeback is when cardholders dispute a transaction made without their knowledge through their card-issuing bank. So what does a Retrieval Request mean? It is essentially a document request related to transactions a cardholder does not recognize on their statement.

Illustration representing credit card loyalty points and rewards

Merchant & POS

What are Loyalty Points?

Loyalty points are promotional rewards banks give customers for credit card transactions, tracked on a card/customer basis. Banks charge merchants a commission on POS transactions, and some share part of that commission with cardholders as points.

Diagram of basic payment systems terminology including issuer, acquirer, and authorization

Payment Systems

Basic Terms Used in Payment Systems

Although many important terms are used in payment systems, the expressions below are its cornerstones — the ABCs of payment systems, so to speak. Issuer: the credit card company, usually a bank, that issues the card and tracks debt, credit, bonus points, and other services for the customer.

Visa Merchant Purchase Inquiry (VMPI) process diagram

Fraud

What is Visa Merchant Purchase Inquiry (VMPI)?

Chargeback is the process of refunding a credit card payment when the goods or services that should have been received were not, or when transactions not made by the cardholder are identified. In Turkish it is translated as reversal of presentment.

Chart showing the global decline in the number of ATMs

ATM

The number of ATMs is declining worldwide

ATMs, which let us meet our cash needs, pay card debt, make transfers, and even withdraw or deposit cash via QR code without a card, have started losing popularity after all these years.