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Example of a QR code

Merchant & POS

What is QR (Quick Response) Code?

QR Code is a two-dimensional barcode system developed by Denso Wave, a Toyota subsidiary operating in Japan. Its name comes from the initials of Quick Response. Its content can be any data, including text, a website address, or a video link.

Diagram illustrating how bank fraud detection systems analyze transactions

Fraud

How Do Fraud Applications Work?

Fraud management is used to detect possible fraud on customer accounts and provides additional security for transactions when necessary, making it one of the top priorities for banks.

Illustration of personal data protection under the Turkish Personal Data Protection Law (KVKK)

Merchant & POS

What is the Personal Data Protection Law (KVKK)?

The Personal Data Protection Law was adopted by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey on 24/03/2016 and published in Official Gazette No. 29677 on 07/04/2016. It protects individuals' rights in the processing of personal data and sets the rules that data controllers must follow.

Diagram of the components that make up an HCE transaction token

HCE

What components make up an HCE Token (Transaction Token)?

The token used in HCE transactions contains more than just a new number derived from the card number. It also includes single-use keys, an expiration date, RSA keys and certificates, transaction limits, and an Application Transaction Counter (ATC).

American Express chargeback reason codes list from the Chargeback and Exception Processing Guide

Chargeback

What Are the American Express Chargeback Reason Codes?

Chargeback reason codes vary by card scheme. The Amex chargeback reason codes and their descriptions are listed below: American Express Chargeback Reason Codes A01 The charge you submitted did not receive a valid authorization approval code for the amount...

Illustration of a co-branded credit card combining a bank and a commercial brand

Credit Card

What is a Co-Branded Card?

A co-branded card is a card offered by two or more organizations: one the issuing financial institution, the other a non-financial commercial brand (there may be more than one), such as an airline, hotel, or retail chain.

Diagram of the chargeback process between cardholder, issuer and acquirer

Chargeback

How to Reduce Chargebacks (For Cardholders)

A chargeback is when a cardholder asks the issuing bank to refund a transaction made without their knowledge. It cannot be prevented entirely, but simple precautions can minimize the risk. Here is how the process works and what cardholders should do.

Diagram illustrating the stages a credit card goes through from application to delivery

Credit Card

What stages does a credit card go through before reaching the customer?

Credit cards are undoubtedly the most important payment tool for most of us when shopping. So what stages does a credit card or debit card go through before it reaches our pocket? The customer submits a card application request, and the process continues from there.

Diagram illustrating the PSD (Payment Services Directive) regulatory framework

Merchant & POS

What is PSD (Payment Services Directive)?

PSD stands for Payment Services Directive, known as the Payment Services Law. It took effect in EU countries in 2009, and in 2015 new revisions were announced as PSD1, aiming to build an efficient, fast, secure, and competitive payment market.

Card skimming device attached to an ATM card reader slot

Fraud

What Is Card Skimming?

Card skimming is the theft of card information by copying it with the help of a device. Because data inside the chip is very difficult to steal, chip cards are far more secure than magnetic-stripe cards. Turkey is very advanced in card security technology.