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Illustration showing how an Application Identifier (AID) is used in a chip card transaction

EMV

What is an Application Identifier (AID)?

The AID tells the terminal which applications are present on a chip during a POS or ATM transaction. What does the AID do? It lets the terminal determine whether it supports an application on the chip. In Tag 9F06, it is 5-16 digits long.

Illustration representing the chargeback and dispute process in card payments

Chargeback

What Are the Domestic Exceptions to Chargeback Rules?

A chargeback is the refund of an amount paid by credit card to the cardholder's card when the purchased goods or services were not received, or when a transaction was not actually carried out by the cardholder.

Diagram explaining how a pre-authorization transaction works on a credit card

Merchant & POS

What Is a Pre-Authorization Transaction?

An operation that allows a credit card's limit to be blocked for a period, due to the nature of the product or service sold. Preferred mainly by companies in travel, tourism, and car rental.

Visa Merchant Purchase Inquiry (VMPI) process diagram

Fraud

What is Visa Merchant Purchase Inquiry (VMPI)?

Chargeback is the process of refunding a credit card payment when the goods or services that should have been received were not, or when transactions not made by the cardholder are identified. In Turkish it is translated as reversal of presentment.

Illustration of a smartphone used as a mobile POS payment terminal

Merchant & POS

Are POS Terminals Becoming Obsolete?

Today, as credit cards shift from physical to virtual use, a similar move has come from the POS side. We have begun to see mobile phones used as POS devices becoming a serious rival to physical POS terminals.

Check-out button on an online payment screen

Security

What is Check Out?

In online shopping, converting product browsing into a completed sale after a customer visits your site is just as critical. The amount of purchases abandoned due to friction in the online buying process often exceeds successful sales.

Close-up of a payment card showing the embossed cardholder name

Credit Card

What is Emboss Name?

The customer's name printed on credit and debit cards is called the emboss name. But can we print an unlimited amount of name information on the card? There is a specific area reserved on the card for it.

PIN pad screen on a payment terminal for entering a card PIN

Credit Card

What Happens If I Enter the Wrong PIN on Card Transactions?

Nearly all transactions where credit and debit cards are used physically require a PIN. The PIN represents the cardholder's identity. Here is what happens if a customer enters the wrong PIN too many times and how the card is restored.

Table of chargeback reason codes by payment scheme

Chargeback

What Are the Chargeback Reason Codes by Payment Scheme?

A chargeback is the process of requesting that an amount paid by credit card be refunded, either because the goods or services paid for were not received, or because a transaction is identified as one the cardholder did not carry out.

Diagram of an alternative payment system routing online card payments through multiple bank virtual POS accounts

E-commerce

What Are Alternative Payment Systems?

Alternative payment systems are services from intermediary companies that use virtual POS accounts in the background to benefit merchants. Law No. 6493 calls them payment institutions. This article compares them with bank virtual POS accounts.