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EMV
The Visa EAS Server (Extended Access Service) is a server used in Visa’s authentication infrastructure. It was developed to run the cardholder authentication process securely between banks and the Visa network, particularly within Visa Secure (3-D Secure 2.x).
Payment Systems
In payment systems, an “appeal” is the process of objecting to the outcome of a transaction dispute. It is usually discussed alongside chargebacks, but it plays a critical role in interbank dispute resolution, when a party asks the card scheme to re-evaluate a concluded decision.
Open Banking
Embedded Finance means integrating financial products and services into non-financial platforms, experiences or business processes. In other words, services offered by financial institutions become part of the product or service flows of non-financial organizations.
Merchant & POS
In EMV-based debit card transactions, PIN verification is decisive for both security and liability. What happens when a card that only supports online PIN is sent to the issuer without a PIN, and the issuer approves it? Who owns the risk?
Merchant & POS
Partial Authorization lets an issuer approve part of a transaction instead of declining it when the balance or limit is insufficient. This post covers how it works in ISO 8583, whether it is mandatory, and why it matters for the business.
Payment Institutions & E-Money
The CBRT published its Communique on the Redetermination of the Minimum Equity Amounts of Payment and E-Money Institutions in the Official Gazette. The new amounts apply from 30 June 2025.
Payment Systems
The domestic authorization flow for below-CVM-limit online contactless transactions has changed. Issuers can now ask the cardholder for a PIN or request card insertion instead of simply approving or declining. This post explains the CVM list and the new DE48 PDS22 and DE39 = 65 message flows.
Payment Systems
An amendment was made to the communiqué on the information systems of payment and e-money institutions and data sharing services, setting 31/3/2025 as the deadline for other payment service providers' obligations.
Payment System Institutions
These are credit institutions providing financing to individuals and companies for purchasing goods and services. Financing companies specialize mainly in vehicle loans, offering fast and flexible point-of-sale solutions distinct from banks.
Payment Systems
The rules in this guide relate to the processing of Transactions and Payment Transactions made with Mastercard-branded cards. Here are the key definitions and where to find the document.
Payment Systems
All electronic money institutions are authorized to issue electronic money under Law No. 6493. The payment services each one is licensed to offer are listed in the table published by the CBRT.
Payment Systems
As part of the first-phase work of the Digital Turkish Lira Project led by the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (CBRT), the first payments on the Digital Turkish Lira Network were successfully carried out. The CBRT will continue its closed-loop pilot tests in the first quarter of 2023.