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Diagram illustrating how a POS device identifies foreign bank cards using BIN lists

Merchant & POS

How Does a POS Device Detect Foreign Cards?

A POS is a functional device with its own dedicated software, customized according to the authorization system of the bank it is connected to, that accepts credit or debit cards. So, banks abroad launch dozens of new card products every day…

Contactless payment card being tapped on a POS terminal

Merchant & POS

Can a contact/contactless transaction be processed offline?

An offline transaction is one in which the card and POS terminal approve the transaction based on their own parameters, without contacting their banks. Whether contact or contactless, the device decides whether the transaction is processed offline.

Diagram of the online authorization flow for below-CVM-limit contactless transactions

Payment Systems

Domestic Flow Change Made for Below-CVM-Limit Online Contactless Transactions

The domestic authorization flow for below-CVM-limit online contactless transactions has changed. Issuers can now ask the cardholder for a PIN or request card insertion instead of simply approving or declining. This post explains the CVM list and the new DE48 PDS22 and DE39 = 65 message flows.

Overview of Türkiye's Law No. 6493

Laws & Regulations

What Is Law No. 6493? What Does It Contain?

Law No. 6493, published in Official Gazette No. 28690 on 27 June 2013, regulates the procedures and principles for payment and securities settlement systems, payment services, payment institutions and e-money institutions.

Diagram illustrating the appeal stage of the card dispute and chargeback process between issuer, acquirer and card scheme

Payment Systems

What Is an Appeal? What Does It Mean in Payment Systems?

In payment systems, an “appeal” is the process of objecting to the outcome of a transaction dispute. It is usually discussed alongside chargebacks, but it plays a critical role in interbank dispute resolution, when a party asks the card scheme to re-evaluate a concluded decision.

Online mail order payment form being filled out on a laptop

Merchant & POS

What is the risk of mail order transactions for merchants?

Mail order transactions are preferred by cardholders because they only block the card limit by the installment amount, creating a sales opportunity for merchants. But is the remaining balance guaranteed?

Illustration of a payment card used for online shopping

Debit Card

Can You Shop Online with an ATM Card?

When we think of online shopping, we usually picture paying with a credit card. But can customers without a credit card, only an ATM card, shop online? Of course they can — you don't need a credit card to enjoy the convenience of e-commerce.

Diagram illustrating the Card Verification Key (CVK) concept

Credit Card

What is CVK (Card Verification Key)?

CVK (Card Verification Key) is the key information used to generate and verify CVV/CVC values, confirming their validity. It is kept as a pair of keys, CVK A and CVK B, encrypted under TMK, ZMK or LMK.

Person entering card details on an online payment page

E-commerce

What is Online Payment?

Making payments over the internet using a card is called online payment. Learn what online payment systems are used for and what happens behind an online transaction, from the payment gateway to the issuing bank.

Illustration of an e-commerce checkout page with card payment fields

Merchant & POS

How Important Is the Checkout Page in Payments?

The checkout page is where an online purchase is completed, and cart abandonment is highest there. This post lists design tips: support all cards, limit transition pages, show security cues, allow guest checkout and remove distractions.