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Table of chargeback reason codes by payment scheme

Chargeback

What Are the Chargeback Reason Codes by Payment Scheme?

A chargeback is the process of requesting that an amount paid by credit card be refunded, either because the goods or services paid for were not received, or because a transaction is identified as one the cardholder did not carry out.

Logos of various international payment card schemes

Credit Card

What Are National and International Payment Schemes?

In the world of payment systems, just as credit cards are an indispensable product, a payment scheme is indispensable for credit cards. When a credit card product is launched, the scheme it will be issued under is decided first.

Illustration of an ATM card trapping fraud scheme

ATM

ATM Fraud Methods: Card Trapping

ATMs generally hold your bank/credit card inside the card reader slot until the transaction is completed. Fraudsters insert foreign objects such as paper or adhesive-coated cards into the reader to trap the customer's card inside.

Table of ISO 8583 amount and currency field values for a sample transaction

ISO 8583

ISO 8583 Field Descriptions (F4, F5, F6, F49, F50, F51)

Fields F4, F5, F6, F49, F50, and F51 are the Amount and Currency fields sent in the authorization message. For example, for a 300 Euro transaction, the amount and currency information sent in these fields is as follows.

Conceptual illustration of AI agents engaging in online commerce and payments

Agentic Commerce

Agentic Commerce Series – Part 1

The next customer on the internet may not be human. If AI agents become part of purchasing decisions, the rules of e-commerce, marketing, and payment systems could change.

Contactless card payment at an overseas POS terminal that prompts for a PIN after a limit is exceeded

Payment Systems

Visa Overseas Contactless Transactions – After Code 70 (Part 2)

After switching to response code 70 for contactless limit-exceeded cases, we found that some overseas POS devices and acquirers did not handle it as expected. This post covers why the problem lies in the ecosystem and how to address it.

Payment transaction success rate metric

Merchant & POS

What Is the Transaction Success Rate?

The Transaction Success Rate (TSR) is a key performance metric measuring the percentage of attempted payment transactions that complete successfully, and a critical indicator of overall payment health.

Illustration representing the products and services KKB offers directly to its member institutions

Credit Card

What Products and Services Does KKB Offer Directly to Members?

KKB was established, under banking law, to enable the exchange of all kinds of information and documents among at least five banks, and it also shares credit information about customers. The Credit Bureau of Turkey also serves deposit banks, participation banks, financial institutions, and more.