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Payment card with an EMV chip

Clearing

What is Chip Condition Code?

Chip Condition Code is a code carried in the F60 (Additional Data) DE14 field during clearing that shows the chip read status. The possible values and their descriptions are listed below.

Table listing the EMV chip specifications used by Visa, Mastercard, American Express, JCB, Discover, and UnionPay

EMV

What are EMV Schemes?

EMV standards form the foundation for chip cards to work on terminals worldwide, but each scheme - VSDC (Visa), M/Chip (Mastercard), AEIPS (Amex), J Smart (JCB), D-PAS (Discover), and UICS (UnionPay) - defines its own keys, rules, and card profiles.

Diagram of an external quarterly network vulnerability scan for PCI DSS compliance

Security

What Is a Quarterly Network Scan?

An external network scan run every 3 months by an Approved Scanning Vendor authorized by card schemes such as MasterCard and Visa, required for PCI DSS compliance. It checks whether merchant systems are protected against external threats.

Contactless payment card being tapped on a POS terminal

Merchant & POS

Can a contact/contactless transaction be processed offline?

An offline transaction is one in which the card and POS terminal approve the transaction based on their own parameters, without contacting their banks. Whether contact or contactless, the device decides whether the transaction is processed offline.

3D Secure opt-out online payment illustration

Merchant & POS

What Is Opt Out?

In online transactions, Opt Out is the cardholder exercising the right not to enroll in 3D Secure. It is not unlimited: only as many transactions as the issuer allows can be made without 3D Secure.

Table listing sample Merchant Category Codes (MCC) and their descriptions

Merchant & POS

What Is an MCC (Merchant Category Code)?

MCC stands for Merchant Category Code: a 4-digit code used to classify merchants by business type. Codes differ slightly between Mastercard, Visa, and BKM.

Diagram illustrating card fraud and forgery in card payments

Security

What Is Forgery in Card Payments?

Forgery in card payments means transactions made with card details without the cardholder's knowledge, or purchases with counterfeit or stolen cards. Merchants cannot eliminate fraud and chargeback risk, but they should aim to reduce it to reasonable levels.

BKM Online member information sharing portal

Credit Card

What Is BKM Online (BOL)?

BKM Online is the web-based electronic system that enables communication and information sharing between BKM and its members, including documents, reports, services and work calendars, according to user permissions.

Diagram illustrating the appeal stage of the card dispute and chargeback process between issuer, acquirer and card scheme

Payment Systems

What Is an Appeal? What Does It Mean in Payment Systems?

In payment systems, an “appeal” is the process of objecting to the outcome of a transaction dispute. It is usually discussed alongside chargebacks, but it plays a critical role in interbank dispute resolution, when a party asks the card scheme to re-evaluate a concluded decision.

Illustration representing an AI agent making a payment

Agentic Commerce

Agentic Commerce Series – Part 4

Are We Ready to Give an AI Agent the Authority to Make Payments? Having long looked at complaint and dispute processes in payment systems, I think granting an agent payment authority is far different from research or product selection.