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Account Information Service Provider concept icon

Payment Systems

What are Account Information Service Providers?

Digital Account Checking underpins many innovative banking and FinTech services. In most cases, it is performed by Account Information Service Providers, which supply data from customers' online bank accounts to other banks and third-party providers.

Table showing service code values and their meanings for payment cards

Credit Card

What is the Service Code on Cards?

The service code is information printed on a card's Track 1 and Track 2 data, covering card type, PIN usage, and domestic/international usage status. It is kept at the product level in bank systems.

Exterior of the Takasbank headquarters building

Payment Systems

What is Takasbank?

Takasbank (Istanbul Settlement and Custody Bank) exists to increase the competitiveness of Turkey's markets by providing clearing and custody services, financial services, and other economic activities under the relevant legislation.

Diagram illustrating the NextGenPSD2 framework for open banking APIs

Open Banking

What Is NextGenPSD2?

NextGenPSD2 is the set of API standards launched by the Berlin Group in 2017, now involving more than 1,700 banks from 20 countries. This post explains what the framework offers to banks, fintechs and third-party providers under PSD2.

Illustration of personal data protection under the Turkish Personal Data Protection Law (KVKK)

Merchant & POS

What is the Personal Data Protection Law (KVKK)?

The Personal Data Protection Law was adopted by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey on 24/03/2016 and published in Official Gazette No. 29677 on 07/04/2016. It protects individuals' rights in the processing of personal data and sets the rules that data controllers must follow.

Diagram illustrating how an API connects applications and servers

Payment Institutions & E-Money

What is an API?

Used as an abbreviation for Application Programming Interface, an API is an interface that allows an application's functions to be accessed and used from outside or remotely, letting an application on a server be reached from different platforms.

American Express chargeback reason codes list from the Chargeback and Exception Processing Guide

Chargeback

What Are the American Express Chargeback Reason Codes?

Chargeback reason codes vary by card scheme. The Amex chargeback reason codes and their descriptions are listed below: American Express Chargeback Reason Codes A01 The charge you submitted did not receive a valid authorization approval code for the amount...

Table of AVS response codes by card scheme, showing address and postal code match results

Payment Systems

What Are the AVS Codes by Card Scheme?

The Address Verification Service (AVS) is a fraud prevention system that, when used effectively, can help limit fraud and chargebacks. This post lists the AVS response codes used by AMEX, Mastercard and Visa, with a description of each.