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Payment Systems
When Does a Transit Card Become a Payment System? Millions of people in Istanbul use Istanbulkart every day. Passing through metro turnstiles, rushing to a bus or boarding a ferry at the last moment, our hand reaches almost by reflex for our card or our phone...
Merchant & POS
Partial authorization lets an issuer approve part of the requested amount when the card lacks the full balance, with the rest paid another way. This post covers the technical, receipt, clearing, reconciliation, merchant and certification requirements for acquirers.
Laws & Regulations
The Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye (CBRT) extended the compliance deadlines for digital wallets and GEÇİT. The digital wallet deadline moved from 7 October 2024 to 7 April 2025.
Credit Card
With its announcement dated 09.06.2022, the BRSA changed how the credit card minimum payment is calculated: 20 percent of the period debt below a 25,000 lira limit and 40 percent above it. This post covers what banks should do and the likely market impact.
Payment Institutions & E-Money
According to the Guide, where payment transactions arise only in connection with the main activity of providing investment services, the investment firm's services cannot be considered payment services.
Laws & Regulations
Under the Directive, it is clear that some e-commerce platforms should be within scope. Whether a platform counts as a payment institution depends on its business model.
Payment Institutions & E-Money
Applications for electronic money and payment institution licenses have risen sharply with technology and digitalization, and obtaining the operating license can be the most tiring part. Here is where to find the application form.
Payment Systems
The Smart Payment Association (SPA) is the trade association of the smart payments industry. It provides leadership and expert guidance to help members and customers realize smart, secure and personalized payment systems and services, now and in the future.
Laws & Regulations
Under Article 13 of Law No. 6493, payment services can be provided by banks, electronic money institutions, payment institutions and PTT. Anyone else is prohibited from offering them.
Laws & Regulations
An electronic money institution can carry out the activities of a payment institution, but a payment institution has no authority to issue electronic money. So a payment institution cannot carry out an e-money institution's activities.
Payment Systems
Digital Account Checking underpins many innovative banking and FinTech services. In most cases, it is performed by Account Information Service Providers, which supply data from customers' online bank accounts to other banks and third-party providers.
Agentic Commerce
Can AI Decide on Our Behalf? Letting an AI agent handle research can make life much easier. The real question is where that should stop, and how much decision-making authority we are ready to hand over.