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Illustration of a Zone PIN Key (ZPK) protecting PIN data in a payment network

HSM & Security

What is ZPK (Zone PIN Key)?

ZPK, also known as the PIN Protection Key, is a data encryption key that is distributed automatically and used to encrypt PINs. It is also referred to as the 'Working Key'. This key allows PIN information to be carried securely across the network.

Illustration representing the products and services KKB offers directly to its member institutions

Credit Card

What Products and Services Does KKB Offer Directly to Members?

KKB was established, under banking law, to enable the exchange of all kinds of information and documents among at least five banks, and it also shares credit information about customers. The Credit Bureau of Turkey also serves deposit banks, participation banks, financial institutions, and more.

Illustration for a glossary of cryptocurrency terms such as Bitcoin, blockchain and mining

Cryptocurrency

What Are the Terms Used in the Cryptocurrency World?

Cryptocurrencies are becoming part of everyday life and are expected to compete seriously with card payments. This glossary explains the key crypto terms, from address, altcoin and arbitrage to halving, mining, proof of stake and stop-loss.

Cryptocurrency mining concept illustration showing mining hardware and blockchain blocks

Cryptocurrency

What Is Cryptocurrency Mining?

Mining is the production of cryptocurrency through hardware and software, as well as the recording and confirmation of cryptocurrency transfers. Because block difficulty rises with each new unit, mining requires very powerful processors.

Check-out button on an online payment screen

Security

What is Check Out?

In online shopping, converting product browsing into a completed sale after a customer visits your site is just as critical. The amount of purchases abandoned due to friction in the online buying process often exceeds successful sales.

Illustration of a closed-loop payment ecosystem growing through loyalty, data, and new services

Closed-Loop Payments

Why Do Closed-Loop Payment Systems Want to Grow? | Series #6

Why does a coffee chain build its own loyalty program, and why does a payment app keep adding services? This post looks at how loyalty, data, and new services drive the growth of closed-loop payment systems, and at the financial layers behind that growth.

Diagram illustrating open banking, where customer financial data is shared with fintech companies through APIs

Payment Institutions & E-Money

What Is Open Banking?

Open banking means sharing customers' financial information with a third-party fintech company so that a range of banking and financial services can be offered to them. It works through API integrations. This post covers its status in Turkey and the new BRSA regulation.

Illustration of the Alipay super app connecting payments, merchants and financial services

Closed-Loop Payments

Alipay: Payment System or Digital Economy? | Closed-Loop Payments #5

Is Alipay a payment system, or a digital economy? In the previous post we discussed how Starbucks shows that payment systems can evolve into a different structure. At first the goal was to make payment easier for the customer. As the system grew, loyalty programs...

Diagram illustrating the Remote Key Loading (RKL) process

ATM

What Is RKL (Remote Key Loading)?

RKL is the process of distributing a TMK (Terminal Master Key) to each terminal from a central point. It is used to remotely load keys onto POS and ATM devices, loading TMKs onto an ATM's keypad or activating them on a POS.