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Diagram illustrating ATM cash overage and cash shortage reconciliation

ATM

What are Cash Overage and Cash Shortage?

Cash overage and cash shortage are terms used in any system that operates with a cash account. A cash overage means more money is physically present than the ledger indicates; a cash shortage means less. In payment systems, these terms are most often used for ATMs.

Unattended self-service POS terminal used for card payments

Merchant & POS

What Is an Unattended POS?

Unattended POS is a type of POS that is not managed by merchant staff and is triggered by the customer in self-service services. Its use has increased further with the rise of mobile payments.

Diagram illustrating the early hold release process for merchants

Merchant & POS

What Is Early Hold Release?

Early Hold Release is a solution that allows merchants operating under a holdback arrangement to access their turnover held in the hold account when they need cash, before the holdback period ends. Merchants can work with banks under 3 different terms.

Logos of various international payment card schemes

Credit Card

What Are National and International Payment Schemes?

In the world of payment systems, just as credit cards are an indispensable product, a payment scheme is indispensable for credit cards. When a credit card product is launched, the scheme it will be issued under is decided first.

Diagram of HSM use case areas in security and payment systems

HSM & Security

What Is an HSM? What Is It Used For?

HSM, short for Hardware Security Module, is specialized security hardware built to store sensitive cryptographic keys in a physical environment and to perform cryptographic operations in the most secure way.

Screenshot of a POS parameter loading screen

Merchant & POS

How is parameter loading done onto a POS?

Loading parameters onto a POS transfers changes made in the POS Management system (authorization, limits, card BIN list, etc.) onto the POS. There are 3 ways to do it.

Illustration representing an AI agent making a payment

Agentic Commerce

Agentic Commerce Series – Part 4

Are We Ready to Give an AI Agent the Authority to Make Payments? Having long looked at complaint and dispute processes in payment systems, I think granting an agent payment authority is far different from research or product selection.

Cover page of the CBRT guide linking payment business models to payment service types

Payment Systems

Guide Linking Payment Business Models to Payment Service Types Published

This Guide links business models frequently encountered in the payments field to the payment services listed in Law No. 6493 on Payment and Securities Settlement Systems, Payment Services and Electronic Money Institutions, and aims at uniformity in practice.

Illustration representing QR code payment routing in Turkey

Payment Systems

What are the QR Code Routing System (KYS) Rules?

The purpose of these rules is to set out the operating rules, participation requirements, and pricing principles of the QR Code Routing System (KYS) established and operated by BKM, as well as other procedures related to KYS's operation.