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Online & Authorization
You press the pay button and the screen says the transaction failed. Behind that failure are checks on your balance and transaction security. This post explains how funds confirmation APIs work, where they apply, and the situation in Turkey's open banking.
Merchant & POS
Loyalty points are promotional rewards banks give customers for credit card transactions, tracked on a card/customer basis. Banks charge merchants a commission on POS transactions, and some share part of that commission with cardholders as points.
Clearing
The clearing system settles a transaction between two participants when a card from one bank is used at another bank's POS or ATM. Learn about the incoming and outgoing files used in interbank clearing.
Online & Authorization
Below are the EFT codes of banks located within Turkey, which are used both during the payment systems authorization stage (Field 32) and in banking transactions.
Credit Card
Mir means World and Peace. It is a national payment system established by a law adopted by the Central Bank of Russia on 1 May 2017. It is currently accepted mostly by Russia-based companies, but acceptance is gradually spreading.
Agentic Commerce
The next customer on the internet may not be human. If AI agents become part of purchasing decisions, the rules of e-commerce, marketing, and payment systems could change.
E-commerce
Alternative payment systems are services from intermediary companies that use virtual POS accounts in the background to benefit merchants. Law No. 6493 calls them payment institutions. This article compares them with bank virtual POS accounts.
EMV
The Pin Change/Unblock command is used after card issuance to let the issuer remove a card's PIN block, or instantly change the reference PIN and remove its block, as well.
Merchant & POS
The batch number is kept on the POS, incremented by 1 at each end of day, used to transfer transactions to the merchant account and for reconciliation. It's tracked on both the POS and the bank's system.
ATM
ATM stands for Automated Teller Machine, an electronic device that lets customers carry out account transactions with or without a card. It was invented in 1960 by John Shepherd-Barron. The first ATM in Turkey was installed in 1982.
Credit Card
Due to how payment systems work, authorization is obtained first for a transaction. For a Not Onus transaction (where the card-issuing bank and the POS bank are different), the system waits for the relevant transaction to arrive via the clearing incoming file…
Closed-Loop Payments
In the final post of the closed-loop payments series, the common question behind cards, QR payments, and prepaid balances comes into focus: who manages the customer relationship, and whose ecosystem does the customer stay in?