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Diagram explaining 3D Secure, Half 3D, and Non 3D e-commerce transaction levels

Merchant & POS

What is an E-commerce Transaction?

E-Commerce can briefly be described as the sale and purchase of products over the internet, a term used since 1969. Virtual POS operates behind e-commerce transactions, which take place at different levels: Non 3D, Half 3D, and Full 3D Secure.

Illustration representing Strong Customer Authentication (SCA) under PSD2

Payment Systems

What is Strong Customer Authentication (SCA)?

Strong Customer Authentication (SCA) is a security requirement introduced under the EU's Payment Services Directive 2 (PSD2) to increase security and reduce fraud in online payment transactions. SCA requires two of three independent authentication factors.

Credit cards inside an open wallet

Merchant & POS

Who is liable for a transaction made without a PIN?

Almost all of us carry at least one credit card. Imagine losing your wallet with all your cards inside, and someone with bad intentions finding it and using the cards without a PIN. Who bears the responsibility?

Card refund receipt standards illustration

Merchant & POS

What Are the Standards for Refund Receipts?

Cardholders may request a refund through the merchant for POS transactions due to wrong deliveries, returned goods and similar reasons. Here is the information a refund receipt must contain, including extra fields for e-commerce.

Diagram illustrating the structure of ISO 8583 field F43

ISO 8583

ISO 8583 Field Descriptions (F43)

F43 - CARD ACCEPTOR NAME AND LOCATION: the field that holds the name and location of the merchant/ATM where a card transaction took place. It is 40 characters long and alphanumeric.

Diagram of the Chargeback Document Management System (CDYS) process flow

Credit Card

What is the Chargeback Document Management System (CDYS)?

The Chargeback Document Management System (CDYS) is a system developed by BKM to resolve customer disputes over card payment transactions among BKM members, covering Copy Request, Chargeback, Representment, and related processes.

Illustration of a fallback transaction swiping a card's magnetic stripe after a chip read failure

Merchant & POS

What Is a Fallback Transaction?

When a chip can't be read due to a chip fault or the card being inserted incorrectly, the transaction is completed by swiping the magnetic stripe on the right side of the POS. Can chipless cards do fallback?

Diagram showing Electronic Commerce Indicator values used in 3D Secure transactions

Online & Authorization

What is the Electronic Commerce Indicator (ECI)?

Electronic Commerce Indicator (ECI) is a 2-digit value generated by payment schemes (Visa, MasterCard, etc.) in 3D Secure transactions to determine the transaction's security level (Full 3D Secure, Half 3D Secure, Non 3D Secure), and it varies by payment scheme.