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Table of chargeback reason codes by payment scheme

Chargeback

What Are the Chargeback Reason Codes by Payment Scheme?

A chargeback is the process of requesting that an amount paid by credit card be refunded, either because the goods or services paid for were not received, or because a transaction is identified as one the cardholder did not carry out.

Visa Merchant Purchase Inquiry (VMPI) process diagram

Fraud

What is Visa Merchant Purchase Inquiry (VMPI)?

Chargeback is the process of refunding a credit card payment when the goods or services that should have been received were not, or when transactions not made by the cardholder are identified. In Turkish it is translated as reversal of presentment.

Conceptual illustration of competing players vying for power in agentic commerce

General

Agentic Commerce Series – Part 6

Who will win in Agentic Commerce? Owning the customer used to be a huge advantage. Once an agent starts deciding on the customer's behalf, where does the real power move to?

Illustration representing electronic payment systems

Payment Systems

What are Payment Systems?

Let's talk about payment systems, which we have heard more about since the internet entered our lives, and the basic structures behind them. The first credit card in the world was used in America in the 1920s.

Diagram illustrating the card authorization process

Merchant & POS

What Happens During Authorization?

Today, credit cards play an important role in our daily lives. We can carry out almost all of our transactions without carrying cash, using our credit card instead. During a purchase, we hand our card to the cashier and enter our PIN at the POS terminal.

Credit card and smartphone illustrating online card payments without physically presenting the card

Credit Card

Do I have to use my physical card when shopping?

In the early years of credit cards, using the card physically was mandatory. With the internet and new technologies, we can now pay with only the card details, 3D Secure and contactless NFC payments, even without the card in hand.

Diagram explaining how a pre-authorization transaction works on a credit card

Merchant & POS

What Is a Pre-Authorization Transaction?

An operation that allows a credit card's limit to be blocked for a period, due to the nature of the product or service sold. Preferred mainly by companies in travel, tourism, and car rental.

Diagram illustrating the Card Personalization Validation (CPV) process

Credit Card

What is CPV (Card Personalization Validation)?

CPV stands for Card Personalization Validation. It is Mastercard's term for the set of recommendations and instructions defined for the card personalization process. The equivalent for Visa is called GPR (Global Personalization Requirements).

Secure Card Reader for PIN with mobile device

Security

What Is a Secure Card Reader for PIN (SCRP)?

A Secure Card Reader for PIN (SCRP) is a multi-function card reader that turns any iOS, Android or Windows device into a payment terminal able to accept chip and contactless payments with PIN.

Mifare contactless smart card

Debit Card

Features of Mifare Cards

We previously explained detailed information about Mifare cards at the link below: https://unalarif.com/yazi/mifare-kart-nedir/ Now let's list the technical features of Mifare cards.

Illustration of online shopping with a credit card and a shopping cart on a laptop screen

E-commerce

What is Online Shopping?

Online shopping is a form of e-commerce in which consumers complete purchases over the internet using a credit card/debit card, bank transfer, or cash on delivery.