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Screenshot of the Official Gazette announcing Law No. 7192 on payment and securities settlement systems

Laws & Regulations

What Is Law No. 7192 and What Does It Include?

Law No. 7192 amends certain articles of Law No. 6493 on Payment and Securities Settlement Systems, Payment Services and Electronic Money Institutions. Announced on 22 November 2019, it entered into force on 01.01.2020.

Diagram of the committees within the BKM system

Payment System Institutions

What are the committees in the BKM system?

BKM (Interbank Card Center) works through several committees: Security, Operations and Technology, Market Development, Business Development, Chargeback Rules and Arbitration, ATM Sharing, plus arbitration committees. This post outlines each one's duties.

Illustration representing electronic payment systems

Payment Systems

What are Payment Systems?

Let's talk about payment systems, which we have heard more about since the internet entered our lives, and the basic structures behind them. The first credit card in the world was used in America in the 1920s.

Apple Card and Apple Pay announcement graphic from Apple's Special Event

Credit Card

Apple Is Rewriting the Card World...

Most of us remember the impact the first iPhone, introduced by Steve Jobs on January 9, 2007 and revolutionary for its time, had on our lives. In a similar way, a product that will completely change how we use and view credit cards...

Payment POS terminal reading a bank card at a merchant counter

Payment Systems

Beware of Inefficient POS Terminals and Lines!

Why do institutions track inefficient POS terminals and lines? This post looks at the costs they create, such as device purchases, field service and software fees, and how to deal with merchants that generate little turnover.

Infographic on the change in the credit card minimum payment ratio

Credit Card

Credit Card Minimum Payment Ratio Changed

With its announcement dated 09.06.2022, the BRSA changed how the credit card minimum payment is calculated: 20 percent of the period debt below a 25,000 lira limit and 40 percent above it. This post covers what banks should do and the likely market impact.

Illustration of a credit card showing standard ISO/IEC 7810 and 7811 design features

Credit Card

What is a Credit Card?

A credit card is a printed card, or a card number with no physical form, that allows the purchase of goods and services or cash withdrawal without using cash. So how are credit card limits set and managed? Setting a limit involves checking many parameters about the customer.

Diagram of the ISO 8583 field F45 Track 1 data structure

ISO 8583

ISO 8583 Field Descriptions (F45)

F45 (TRACK-1 DAT) carries the Track 1 data of the card in ISO 7813 format, including field separators and start and end sentinels but excluding the LRC character. It is 76 characters long.