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"Card Processing"

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Flowchart showing the chargeback dispute process between cardholder, issuer, and merchant

Chargeback

What is a chargeback?

A chargeback is the process of refunding an amount back to a credit card when goods or services paid for are not received, or when transactions not carried out by the cardholder are identified. It is translated into Turkish as reverse presentment.

Example of a combo card showing credit card information on the front and debit card information on the back

Credit Card

What is a combo card?

A combo card is a next-generation card that combines both a credit card and a debit card on a single card. Although designs vary visually, the front typically carries the credit card information and the back the debit card information.

Diagram illustrating the card payment arbitration process

Chargeback

What is Arbitration?

Arbitration, by definition, is a dispute resolution method in which disputes are settled by arbitrators the parties choose themselves, rather than by official courts. In payment systems, it follows a chargeback when the issuer and acquirer cannot agree.

Diagram illustrating a bank's OnUs transaction flow and the process of opening ATMs to other banks' cards

ATM

What needs to be done to open ATMs to the use of all bank cards?

Suppose you are a newly established bank, wanting to offer customers all your products and services. Of course, this is not easy. First, the Bank's OnUs transaction processing step must run successfully before other banks' cards can be accepted at the ATMs.

Table of chargeback reason codes by payment scheme

Chargeback

What Are the Chargeback Reason Codes by Payment Scheme?

A chargeback is the process of requesting that an amount paid by credit card be refunded, either because the goods or services paid for were not received, or because a transaction is identified as one the cardholder did not carry out.

Credit card statement document example

Credit Card

What Is a Credit Card Statement?

There are around 65,000,000 credit cards in Turkey. By design, credit cards work by opening a line of credit, allowing spending against that limit, generating a statement based on spending, and having the customer pay the resulting debt.

Diagram comparing the digitization and tokenization processes in mobile payments

HCE

Comparing Digitization and Tokenization

Tokenization and digitization are two important terms in mobile payments that are easily confused and often used interchangeably. What is the difference between digitization and tokenization?

Diagram illustrating the appeal stage of the card dispute and chargeback process between issuer, acquirer and card scheme

Payment Systems

What Is an Appeal? What Does It Mean in Payment Systems?

In payment systems, an “appeal” is the process of objecting to the outcome of a transaction dispute. It is usually discussed alongside chargebacks, but it plays a critical role in interbank dispute resolution, when a party asks the card scheme to re-evaluate a concluded decision.

Illustration of Host Card Emulation (HCE) enabling contactless mobile payments

Online & Authorization

What Is HCE?

HCE lets a mobile device's operating system emulate the cards we use daily (credit, debit, gift cards, etc.) to make contactless payments via NFC. In other words, our phones behave like the cards we use for payments.