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Credit Card
A 2-character field written to the card's chip data that increases by 1 with each card renewal, allowing authorization to distinguish between the old and new card. This means that, theoretically, assuming no other conditions prevent it, a...
Payment Systems
28 European banks have started working on a cashless payment system cooperation that would operate across Europe independently of existing international schemes such as Mastercard, Visa and Discover.
Merchant & POS
It's important to first distinguish between magnetic-stripe and fallback transactions. A magnetic-stripe transaction skips the chip entirely, which lowers its security level compared to a fallback transaction.
ISO 8583
F22 - POINT OF SERVICE ENTRY MODE: This field holds how the transaction was performed via the POS/ATM and the PIN entry capability of the POS device. The first 2 digits show how the transaction was performed, and the last digit (shown as x) carries the POS's PIN entry capability. Numeric...
Payment System Institutions
The European Payments Initiative (EPI), formerly known as PEPSI, is an ECB-backed payment integration initiative aiming to build a pan-European payment system and interbank network to rival Mastercard and Visa. Its founding members include BBVA, BNP Paribas, CaixaBank, Commerzbank and others.
Credit Card
ISO/IEC 7812 is a standard that primarily describes the card numbering system and the application and registration procedures. Identification cards, in physical or digital form, are an integral part of operations in many industries.
Credit Card
CVV and CVV2 values are often confused by cardholders. CVV is printed on the magnetic stripe and used for card verification when the card is physically swiped through a POS; CVV2 is printed on the back of the card for e-commerce authorization.
Credit Card
PVV is the number encoded on a card's magnetic stripe that allows the cardholder's PIN to be verified by ATMs and POS terminals. It is a 4-digit cryptogram calculated through a cryptographic operation using the PIN and card data. The real result is longer than 4 digits.
Credit Card
CVV is a very critical 3-digit value used during a card's authorization process. The CVV value is encoded in the card's magnetic stripe data (Track 1 and Track 2). Is it generated by an algorithm or chosen at random?
Online & Authorization
In EMV, data is stored in Tag-Length-Value (TLV) format, and it is carried between the card, the POS terminal, and the authorization system in this same format. This post lists every EMV Tag, its type, and its description.
Payment Systems
PA DSS (Payment Application Data Security Standard) is a global security standard created by the PCI SSC. Even if you do not need to comply with it, PA DSS remains a valuable guide for auditing and building secure payment applications.
Open Banking
The European Banking Authority (EBA) is an EU regulatory body headquartered in Paris. It runs stress tests on European banks to increase transparency and identify weaknesses in their capital structures. It was established on 1 January 2011.