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Diagram illustrating ISO 8583 Field 61 Point of Service (POS) data structure

ISO 8583

ISO 8583 Field Descriptions (F61)

F61 - POINT OF SERVICE (POS) DATA: This field provides information about the specific status of the POS at the time of the transaction. Position Usage Attribute 1 POS Terminal Attendance Indicator 0 = Attended terminal (Valid for MasterCard debit card and Maestro transactions only).

Diagram illustrating the Card Personalization Validation (CPV) process

Credit Card

What is CPV (Card Personalization Validation)?

CPV stands for Card Personalization Validation. It is Mastercard's term for the set of recommendations and instructions defined for the card personalization process. The equivalent for Visa is called GPR (Global Personalization Requirements).

American Express chargeback reason codes list from the Chargeback and Exception Processing Guide

Chargeback

What Are the American Express Chargeback Reason Codes?

Chargeback reason codes vary by card scheme. The Amex chargeback reason codes and their descriptions are listed below: American Express Chargeback Reason Codes A01 The charge you submitted did not receive a valid authorization approval code for the amount...

Illustration showing how the Luhn algorithm calculates and validates a credit card check digit

Credit Card

How is a credit card number generated? (Luhn Algorithm)

The Luhn algorithm was developed by Hans Peter Luhn and IBM in 1954. It is also known as the Luhn Check or Mod Check. It is used in two ways: preparing a given number according to the Luhn algorithm, and validating a given number using the Luhn algorithm.

Istanbulkart transit and payment card

Credit Card

Istanbulkart: Both Transit Card and Payment Card

When I think back to the Akbil I used when I first arrived in Istanbul, I think it's fair to say that Istanbulkart has undergone a very significant transformation. Users can now track activity, top up and view balances right from their phones.

Diagram illustrating the structure of an ISO 8583 message field

ISO 8583

ISO 8583 Field Descriptions (F14)

F14 - DATE, EXPIRATION DATE: the expiration date printed on the card by the issuing bank, a 4-digit numeric value in YYMM format. See how it's checked and why the YYMM order matters.

Comparison chart showing the differences between CVV and CVV2 security codes

Credit Card

What Is the Difference Between CVV and CVV2?

CVV (CVC) and CVV2 (CVC2) are two terms that cardholders often confuse. Both are used for verification in card transactions, but there are notable differences between them, such as where each is printed and which transactions use it.

Illustration representing credit and debit card fraud

Credit Card

Credit Card/Debit Card Fraud

Credit card fraud is generally committed using the card itself, using card details without the card, via excess or duplicate withdrawals, or by seizing identity information. ATM card trapping is common, since ATMs hold the card during the transaction.

POS terminal used for EMV card payment processing

Merchant & POS

TVR (Terminal Verification Results)

Terminal Verification Results (TVR): a sequence of bits produced when a terminal reads an EMV card, based on logical checks such as an expired card. This data object is used to decide whether a payment transaction should be accepted online, declined, or allowed to proceed.

Illustration representing electronic payment systems

Payment Systems

What are Payment Systems?

Let's talk about payment systems, which we have heard more about since the internet entered our lives, and the basic structures behind them. The first credit card in the world was used in America in the 1920s.

Diagram illustrating the properties and lifecycle of a tokenized card number as it moves through the payment network

HCE

What Are the Characteristics of a Tokenized Card Number?

A tokenized card number replaces a physical card number so transactions can be carried out securely. It is generated by the TSP (Token Service Provider), used by the cardholder or merchant, and travels across the payment systems network.