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Credit Card
KKB was established, under banking law, to enable the exchange of all kinds of information and documents among at least five banks, and it also shares credit information about customers. The Credit Bureau of Turkey also serves deposit banks, participation banks, financial institutions, and more.
Credit Card
The Credit Reference System (KRS) is an information sharing system that, using modern methods, enables detailed information about individual credit product customers to be shared among KKB member institutions, in order to determine the risk factor…
Laws & Regulations
A payment institution is a legal entity that provides payment services for electronic payments through the infrastructure it offers. This article covers the Turkish regulatory framework, licensing, safeguarding, supervision, penalties and taxation.
Merchant & POS
The Transaction Success Rate (TSR) is a key performance metric measuring the percentage of attempted payment transactions that complete successfully, and a critical indicator of overall payment health.
Online & Authorization
You press the pay button and the screen says the transaction failed. Behind that failure are checks on your balance and transaction security. This post explains how funds confirmation APIs work, where they apply, and the situation in Turkey's open banking.
Payment Institutions & E-Money
The new regulation on payment services and e-money issuance, published on 1 December 2021, repealed the 2014 regulation on payment institutions and e-money institutions and the related information systems communiqué. This post summarizes the change and the Article 33 equity requirement.
Payment Systems
In card payment transactions made via a physical POS device, entering the card's PIN keeps the transaction secure, while in virtual POS transactions, security is provided through the 3D Secure flow. Are 3D Secure payment methods standardized? There are 3 different 3D Secure models.
ATM
At payment points such as ATMs and POS terminals, the most critical step is PIN verification or verifying the customer through their identity information. However, since ATMs cannot verify a customer's identity, PIN verification becomes more important. So how is it performed?
Closed-Loop Payments
Why does a coffee chain build its own loyalty program, and why does a payment app keep adding services? This post looks at how loyalty, data, and new services drive the growth of closed-loop payment systems, and at the financial layers behind that growth.
Credit Card
A co-badge card is issued under two or more payment schemes (Mastercard, Troy, Diners Club, Discover, etc.). If a bank's product supports multiple schemes, customers can request a card carrying two or more payment brands.
Credit Card
In transactions carried out through banks, a certain limit is set due to the rules and requirements of institutions such as the BRSA (BDDK) and MASAK, as well as the measures banks take to reduce risk, and transactions above this limit are not approved. In the world of payment systems…
Credit Card
A credit card is a printed card, or a card number with no physical form, that allows the purchase of goods and services or cash withdrawal without using cash. So how are credit card limits set and managed? Setting a limit involves checking many parameters about the customer.