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Diagram illustrating open banking, where customer financial data is shared with fintech companies through APIs

Payment Institutions & E-Money

What Is Open Banking?

Open banking means sharing customers' financial information with a third-party fintech company so that a range of banking and financial services can be offered to them. It works through API integrations. This post covers its status in Turkey and the new BRSA regulation.

Illustration of a multicurrency POS terminal supporting multiple foreign currencies

Merchant & POS

What Is a MultiCurrency POS?

Multicurrency POS refers to POS devices that can process transactions in foreign currencies (USD, EUR, GBP, etc.) in addition to Turkish Lira. Merchants using a MultiCurrency POS can process transactions in different currencies for international cardholders.

Customer paying credit card debt through a mobile banking app

Credit Card

How do I pay my credit card debt?

In the past, banking could only be done at branches, but with technology, customers can now check and pay credit card debt through ATMs, branches, internet banking, mobile banking, and the PTT post office.

Visa Merchant Purchase Inquiry (VMPI) process diagram

Fraud

What is Visa Merchant Purchase Inquiry (VMPI)?

Chargeback is the process of refunding a credit card payment when the goods or services that should have been received were not, or when transactions not made by the cardholder are identified. In Turkish it is translated as reversal of presentment.

Illustration representing the chargeback and dispute process in card payments

Chargeback

What Are the Domestic Exceptions to Chargeback Rules?

A chargeback is the refund of an amount paid by credit card to the cardholder's card when the purchased goods or services were not received, or when a transaction was not actually carried out by the cardholder.

Virtual POS online card payment illustration

Merchant & POS

What Are the Benefits of a Virtual POS for Merchants?

A virtual POS is a payment platform that enables online payments by credit or debit card. Banks also give merchants interfaces for mail order, pre-authorization, cancellations and refunds.

Payment terminal screen displaying the Application Label of a card

Credit Card

What Is Application Label?

A mandatory alphanumeric field, 1-16 characters, sent in tag 50 of EMV transactions, representing a name related to the card application's AID in the ADF.

Illustration of an ATM with a voice menu for visually impaired customers

ATM

What Must Banks Do for Visually Impaired Customers?

Banks must provide the infrastructure for ATM access by visually impaired customers. Among ATMs side by side or less than 50 meters apart, only one needs to comply; all other ATMs must serve visually impaired customers. Details of Article 7 are below.

Discover chargeback reason codes list

Payment Systems

What Are the Discover Chargeback Reason Codes?

Chargeback reason codes differ by card scheme. Here is the list of Discover chargeback reason codes and their descriptions, along with how merchants can use them.

Illustration of the compliance process between merchant bank and issuer in card payments

Chargeback

What Is Compliance (Regulatory Compliance)?

Compliance means adherence to card scheme rules. Outside chargebacks, it is how a bank that loses money because card payment organization rules were broken recovers that amount from the party that caused the loss.

Diagram of the TR QR Code payment flow between cardholder, issuer, BKM and acquirer

Payment Systems

Why Am I Getting an Error When I Try to Pay with a TR QR Code?

In payment or cash withdrawal transactions, the TR QR Code is generated by the POS or ATM. The card issuing bank must build its systems to read and act on this code. Errors usually stem from mishandling the long and short QR code flows, which are explained here.

Illustration representing the advantages and disadvantages of credit cards

Credit Card

What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of a Credit Card?

Credit cards can be a convenient way to manage income and expenses, but for those who don't know how to use them, they can become an expensive and risky product. Here are the key pros and cons to weigh before applying for one.