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Laws & Regulations
When payment institutions and e-money institutions were first established, the commissions they collected from customers were subject to VAT. Because they carry out activities similar to banking, BSMV was also debated. The General Communiqué on Expense Taxes (Series No: 91) resolved this.
Credit Card
It may sound impossible at first, but it is technically possible: a bank can issue chip debit cards under the same BIN as its magnetic stripe cards, with the card scheme's approval.
Chargeback
A chargeback is the process of refunding an amount back to a credit card when goods or services paid for are not received, or when transactions not carried out by the cardholder are identified. It is translated into Turkish as reverse presentment.
ATM
A Bitcoin ATM (BTM) is a specialized kiosk designed for Bitcoin transactions, letting users buy and sell Bitcoin. General features: it enables Bitcoin purchases and sales, and while it visually resembles traditional ATMs...
Credit Card
BKM Online is the web-based electronic system that enables communication and information sharing between BKM and its members, including documents, reports, services and work calendars, according to user permissions.
Chargeback
A chargeback is a dispute raised against a card transaction when the cardholder did not make it or does not recall it. The dispute types vary depending on the situation; let's look at them.
Merchant & POS
Partial Authorization lets an issuer approve part of a transaction instead of declining it when the balance or limit is insufficient. This post covers how it works in ISO 8583, whether it is mandatory, and why it matters for the business.
E-commerce
AI agents are moving beyond answering questions to searching, deciding, and paying on behalf of users. This post explains Agentic Commerce and what it means for payment systems, digital wallets, e-money institutions, banks, and fintechs.
Payment Systems
All payment and electronic money institutions operating in Türkiye fall under the relevant regulation. A license from a foreign authority is not enough; a foreign institution must obtain a license from the Central Bank.
Payment Institutions & E-Money
Law No. 6493 on Payment and Securities Settlement Systems, Payment Services and Electronic Money Institutions defines a payment instrument as a personalized device such as a card, mobile phone, or password.
Merchant & POS
AUC (Application Usage Control) specifies restrictions that limit an application by geography or by specific transaction types. It is a 2-byte data element in Tag 9F07. If present, the terminal performs checks such as whether the transaction is at an ATM.
Courier & Delivery
At a bank I worked for, I had the chance to design the card courier system end to end. Here is how we updated courier firms through web service integrations when a customer changed their address mid-delivery.