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UnionPay logo

Payment System Institutions

What is the UnionPay Online Payment System (UPOP)?

UnionPay Online Payments (UPOP) lets merchants in China, New Zealand, Australia and other countries extend their e-commerce stores to accept UnionPay payments. UnionPay supports over 5 billion cards in more than 140 countries.

ISO 8583 field 52 PIN data encrypted PIN block

ISO 8583

ISO 8583 Field Descriptions (F52)

DE 52 — Personal Identification Number (PIN) Data: the field that holds the PIN data. PIN verification is carried out based on this field.

Old mechanical credit card imprinter machine used to transfer embossed card details onto a sales slip

Merchant & POS

What Is an Imprinter?

An imprinter is the name given to devices that transfer all the information embossed on a credit card onto a paper sales receipt. Before POS terminals, it was commonly used by merchants for authorization transactions.

Contactless card payment at a POS terminal after the limit increase to 250 TL

Merchant & POS

Contactless transaction limit raised to 250 TL

Current information: this article describes the limit in force at the time of publication. To reduce the risk of the coronavirus (Covid-19) spreading, the contactless transaction limit on credit and debit cards was raised to 250 lira.

Illustration showing a margin added to a foreign currency exchange rate

Merchant & POS

What Is a Marked-Up Exchange Rate?

In payment systems, exchange rate information is used in two places: POS devices that support foreign currency transactions, and credit card transactions made in a foreign currency (usually abroad).

Illustration of an AI-based payment agent making payments automatically on behalf of a user

Payment Systems

What Are AI-Based Payment Agents?

Digitalization keeps changing the speed and shape of payments. AI-based payment agents pay on their own within user-defined limits and rules, completing transactions without the user initiating any action. This post explains how they work and what to watch for.

Illustration of a Zone PIN Key (ZPK) protecting PIN data in a payment network

HSM & Security

What is ZPK (Zone PIN Key)?

ZPK, also known as the PIN Protection Key, is a data encryption key that is distributed automatically and used to encrypt PINs. It is also referred to as the 'Working Key'. This key allows PIN information to be carried securely across the network.

Comparison of online and offline token verification in payment transactions

HCE

What Are Transaction-Based (Online/Offline) Token Types?

Token types vary depending on the verification method used in a transaction. In offline transactions, general checks are performed by the mobile app and card reader without any verification in the card system. In online transactions, token verification is sent to and verified by the issuer.

Illustration representing payment instruments such as cards and mobile devices

Payment Institutions & E-Money

What is a payment instrument?

Law No. 6493 on Payment and Securities Settlement Systems, Payment Services and Electronic Money Institutions defines a payment instrument as a personalized device such as a card, mobile phone, or password.