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Photo of a prepaid card used for everyday purchases

Credit Card

What should you know before buying a prepaid card?

A prepaid card is a customized chip or chipless card that is not linked to a bank account and has no credit limit like a credit card. You can only spend up to the amount loaded onto the card.

Diagram of chip card file structure showing MF, DF, and EF layers

EMV

What is Dedicated File Name (DFN)?

DFN is the abbreviation for Dedicated File Name. It defines the name of the DF (Dedicated File) as described in ISO/IEC 7816-4. It is the data found in Tag 84, 5 to 16 characters in length.

Example of a POS transaction receipt (slip)

Merchant & POS

Don't Dismiss the POS Receipt

In daily credit card purchases, the POS produces two receipts: the Customer Copy and the Merchant Copy. The cardholder gets the customer copy; the merchant keeps its own copy by law.

Table listing the EMV chip specifications used by Visa, Mastercard, American Express, JCB, Discover, and UnionPay

EMV

What are EMV Schemes?

EMV standards form the foundation for chip cards to work on terminals worldwide, but each scheme - VSDC (Visa), M/Chip (Mastercard), AEIPS (Amex), J Smart (JCB), D-PAS (Discover), and UICS (UnionPay) - defines its own keys, rules, and card profiles.

Diagram illustrating the TLV (Tag-Length-Value) data structure

Online & Authorization

What is TLV (Tag-Length-Value)?

TLV is a data storage method used to speed up the parsing of data. For example, reading data from a card's chip at a POS and carrying it through authorization uses the TLV structure.