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Diagram explaining how the CVV/CVC code is generated and verified on payment cards

Credit Card

What is CVV/CVC?

CVV is short for Card Verification Value, a term used by Visa. CVC is short for Card Verification Code, a term used by MasterCard. The CVV/CVC code is used for cardholder verification and to reduce fraud risk.

Diagram illustrating the types of chargeback disputes in card payments

Chargeback

What are the chargeback dispute types?

A chargeback is a dispute raised against a card transaction when the cardholder did not make it or does not recall it. The dispute types vary depending on the situation; let's look at them.

Payment card being checked against a card recovery bulletin of problem cards

Merchant & POS

What Is a Card Recovery Bulletin (Card Protection Bulletin)?

A Card Recovery Bulletin is a list of problem cards (lost, stolen, expired, over-limit, counterfeit or otherwise flagged) published by card schemes such as Visa or MasterCard. It shows whether a card number is listed on the date of purchase.

Major Industry Identifier digit chart for credit card numbers

Credit Card

What is Major Industry Identifier (MII)?

Major Industry Identifier (MII) is the first digit of a credit card number, representing the category of the institution that issued the card. The MII values and their corresponding categories are listed below.

Illustration of a co-branded credit card combining a bank and a commercial brand

Credit Card

What is a Co-Branded Card?

A co-branded card is a card offered by two or more organizations: one the issuing financial institution, the other a non-financial commercial brand (there may be more than one), such as an airline, hotel, or retail chain.

TROY card scheme logo

Credit Card

What Is TROY?

TROY, announced by the Interbank Card Center (BKM) in September 2015, is a card scheme like VISA, MasterCard, or AMEX. It takes its name from the initials of its Turkish slogan meaning 'Turkey's Payment Method'.

Diagram illustrating the structure of Track2 data on a card's magnetic stripe

Credit Card

What Is Track2?

A special data set printed on a card's magnetic stripe, containing the card information required for authorization when the card is used physically. It consists of 40 numeric characters. The Track2 field structure includes several data fields such as length and description.