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"cardholder rights"

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Diagram showing how card transaction data flows through the ISO 8583 messaging standard

Merchant & POS

What is ISO 8583?

Introduction: When a card (credit card/debit card/prepaid card) is used at an ATM or POS, data must be carried securely between systems. For example, in a store sale, the POS initiates the transaction, which must reach the cardholder's bank intact.

Diagram illustrating the appeal stage of the card dispute and chargeback process between issuer, acquirer and card scheme

Payment Systems

What Is an Appeal? What Does It Mean in Payment Systems?

In payment systems, an “appeal” is the process of objecting to the outcome of a transaction dispute. It is usually discussed alongside chargebacks, but it plays a critical role in interbank dispute resolution, when a party asks the card scheme to re-evaluate a concluded decision.

Diagram illustrating a co-badge card issued under two payment schemes

Credit Card

What is a Co-Badge Card?

A co-badge card is issued under two or more payment schemes (Mastercard, Troy, Diners Club, Discover, etc.). If a bank's product supports multiple schemes, customers can request a card carrying two or more payment brands.

Illustration representing the advantages and disadvantages of credit cards

Credit Card

What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of a Credit Card?

Credit cards can be a convenient way to manage income and expenses, but for those who don't know how to use them, they can become an expensive and risky product. Here are the key pros and cons to weigh before applying for one.

Credit card limit increase approval illustration

Credit Card

Can My Credit Card Limit Be Increased Without My Permission?

The limit set when the card was issued cannot be increased without the cardholder's permission and approval. If you have instructed periodic limit increases, later increases take effect unless you object within fifteen days of being notified.

Diagram showing membership types for Visa and Mastercard card schemes

Credit Card

How Many Types of Membership Are There by Card Scheme?

Banks must go through a costly, arduous process to issue cards (issuer) and accept cards (acquirer), paying high entry fees to international license providers and local organizations such as BKM.

Illustration representing the chargeback and dispute process in card payments

Chargeback

What Are the Domestic Exceptions to Chargeback Rules?

A chargeback is the refund of an amount paid by credit card to the cardholder's card when the purchased goods or services were not received, or when a transaction was not actually carried out by the cardholder.

Diagram showing the structure of the ISO 8583 F54 Additional Amounts field

ISO 8583

ISO 8583 Field Descriptions (F54)

F54 - ADDITIONAL AMOUNTS is the additional amount field used in transactions. It can take different values depending on the transaction, such as carrying account balance information for balance inquiries.

Illustration of personal data protection under the Turkish Personal Data Protection Law (KVKK)

Merchant & POS

What is the Personal Data Protection Law (KVKK)?

The Personal Data Protection Law was adopted by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey on 24/03/2016 and published in Official Gazette No. 29677 on 07/04/2016. It protects individuals' rights in the processing of personal data and sets the rules that data controllers must follow.