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"merchant risk"

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Diagram showing how pre-authorization blocks a card's available limit

Credit Card

Which Cards Can Be Used for Pre-Authorization?

Pre-authorization reduces the merchant's risk by blocking part of the card's limit for a set period. Since a credit card has a defined limit, an amount can be blocked against it. ATM cards and prepaid debit cards have no such limit to block.

Diagram explaining how a pre-authorization transaction works on a credit card

Merchant & POS

What Is a Pre-Authorization Transaction?

An operation that allows a credit card's limit to be blocked for a period, due to the nature of the product or service sold. Preferred mainly by companies in travel, tourism, and car rental.

Diagram illustrating how a POS terminal's floor limit determines offline transaction approval

Merchant & POS

What Is a Floor Limit?

The floor limit is the value held on the POS that determines the maximum amount for which an offline transaction can be approved. It is managed per terminal and can be updated at any time through the POS parameter management system.

Architecture of 3DS 1.0 compared with 3DS 2.0, showing the issuer, interoperability and acquirer domains

Security

What Is 3D Secure 2.0?

Before 3D Secure 2.0, let's explain what 3D Secure is. 3D Secure is a two-layer payment authentication system that protects both the cardholder and the merchant in online payments. First released by Visa in 1999, it was later adopted by other card schemes…

Credit card and economic growth concept illustration

Credit Card

What are the benefits of credit cards to the economy?

Today, as cash use steadily declines and credit card use keeps rising, using credit cards in line with one's income -so to speak, stretching your legs only as far as your blanket reaches- benefits both the cardholder and the country, as well as merchants.

Photo of a POS terminal related to Terminal Action Code settings

Merchant & POS

Terminal Action Code (TAC)

These are codes placed into the terminal software by the acquirer that govern the rules for whether transactions go online or are declined, covering offline approval, offline decline, and online submission due to issuer risk...

Diagram illustrating the early hold release process for merchants

Merchant & POS

What Is Early Hold Release?

Early Hold Release is a solution that allows merchants operating under a holdback arrangement to access their turnover held in the hold account when they need cash, before the holdback period ends. Merchants can work with banks under 3 different terms.

Diagram illustrating card fraud and forgery in card payments

Security

What Is Forgery in Card Payments?

Forgery in card payments means transactions made with card details without the cardholder's knowledge, or purchases with counterfeit or stolen cards. Merchants cannot eliminate fraud and chargeback risk, but they should aim to reduce it to reasonable levels.

Illustration of a multicurrency POS terminal supporting multiple foreign currencies

Merchant & POS

What Is a MultiCurrency POS?

Multicurrency POS refers to POS devices that can process transactions in foreign currencies (USD, EUR, GBP, etc.) in addition to Turkish Lira. Merchants using a MultiCurrency POS can process transactions in different currencies for international cardholders.

BKM API BIN list update illustration

Payment System Institutions

What Is the BKM API?

Thanks to the API developed by BKM, BKM Express member merchants can automatically update the BIN lists of cards issued by all banks in Türkiye and offer installments and reward points more efficiently.

3D Secure opt-out online payment illustration

Merchant & POS

What Is Opt Out?

In online transactions, Opt Out is the cardholder exercising the right not to enroll in 3D Secure. It is not unlimited: only as many transactions as the issuer allows can be made without 3D Secure.