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Cryptocurrency mining concept illustration showing mining hardware and blockchain blocks

Cryptocurrency

What Is Cryptocurrency Mining?

Mining is the production of cryptocurrency through hardware and software, as well as the recording and confirmation of cryptocurrency transfers. Because block difficulty rises with each new unit, mining requires very powerful processors.

ISO 8583 F124 field structure and subfield breakdown

ISO 8583

ISO 8583 Field Descriptions (F124)

F124 (Private Additional Data) contains additional information specific to the transaction, such as Card Update Failure Code and Status, cardholder name in money transfers, and keys in network management messages.

Photo of a prepaid card used for everyday purchases

Credit Card

What should you know before buying a prepaid card?

A prepaid card is a customized chip or chipless card that is not linked to a bank account and has no credit limit like a credit card. You can only spend up to the amount loaded onto the card.

ATM PIN pad used for entering a card PIN

ATM

How is PIN verification performed at an ATM?

At payment points such as ATMs and POS terminals, the most critical step is PIN verification or verifying the customer through their identity information. However, since ATMs cannot verify a customer's identity, PIN verification becomes more important. So how is it performed?

Diagram of an e-money institution and the services it can provide under Law No. 6493

Payment Institutions & E-Money

What Is an E-Money Institution? Which Services Can It Provide Under Law No. 6493?

The Law defines e-money as monetary value issued in exchange for funds accepted by the issuer, stored electronically, used for payment transactions and accepted as a payment instrument by persons other than the issuer. This post explains e-money institutions and the services they may provide.

Illustration representing communication protocols used in POS payment systems

Merchant & POS

What Are POS Sub-Protocols and Their Use Cases in Turkey?

In payment systems, every exchange between POS devices and bank or payment institution systems runs on a specific messaging standard, generally based on ISO 8583. However, each country, bank, or switch network defines its own version of this standard.

Illustration for a glossary of cryptocurrency terms such as Bitcoin, blockchain and mining

Cryptocurrency

What Are the Terms Used in the Cryptocurrency World?

Cryptocurrencies are becoming part of everyday life and are expected to compete seriously with card payments. This glossary explains the key crypto terms, from address, altcoin and arbitrage to halving, mining, proof of stake and stop-loss.

Illustration of the transfer of payment regulation powers from the BRSA to the CBRT in Turkey's fintech ecosystem

Laws & Regulations

Some Powers of the BRSA Transferred to the CBRT

Turkey is rapidly implementing the items in the 11th Development Plan for a fintech ecosystem with equal opportunity. Under the approved law amendment, some BRSA powers over payment services and e-money companies were transferred to the CBRT, making it the single authority in payments.

UnionPay logo

Payment System Institutions

What is the UnionPay Online Payment System (UPOP)?

UnionPay Online Payments (UPOP) lets merchants in China, New Zealand, Australia and other countries extend their e-commerce stores to accept UnionPay payments. UnionPay supports over 5 billion cards in more than 140 countries.

Diagram illustrating the properties and lifecycle of a tokenized card number as it moves through the payment network

HCE

What Are the Characteristics of a Tokenized Card Number?

A tokenized card number replaces a physical card number so transactions can be carried out securely. It is generated by the TSP (Token Service Provider), used by the cardholder or merchant, and travels across the payment systems network.