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"Card Schemes"

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Illustration representing the DCI debit credit indicator distinguishing card types in a transaction

Credit Card

What Is DCI (Debit/Credit Indicator)?

DCI (Debit/Credit Indicator) is a flag that shows whether a transaction was made with a credit card or a debit card. With the arrival of prepaid cards, it began to be used as DCPI (Debit/Credit/Prepaid Indicator). Is DCI sent in the authorization message?

Comparison of CVV security code locations on a standard card and an American Express card

Credit Card

Is the CVV/CVC Code Always 3 Digits?

First, let's briefly explain CVV/CVC. CVV stands for Card Verification Value, a term used for Visa. CVC stands for Card Verification Code, a term used for MasterCard. The CVV/CVC code is used for cardholder verification and to reduce fraud risk.

Diagram of an external quarterly network vulnerability scan for PCI DSS compliance

Security

What Is a Quarterly Network Scan?

An external network scan run every 3 months by an Approved Scanning Vendor authorized by card schemes such as MasterCard and Visa, required for PCI DSS compliance. It checks whether merchant systems are protected against external threats.

Diagram of ISO 8583 Field 2 (F2) card number structure

ISO 8583

ISO 8583 Field Descriptions (F2)

F2 is the Card Number field in ISO 8583, identifying the cardholder and issuing bank. This post covers its structure, the 8-digit BIN update, field format, first-digit scheme identification, and PCI DSS security requirements.

Major Industry Identifier digit chart for credit card numbers

Credit Card

What is Major Industry Identifier (MII)?

Major Industry Identifier (MII) is the first digit of a credit card number, representing the category of the institution that issued the card. The MII values and their corresponding categories are listed below.

Credit card showing CVV security code location

Credit Card

Can a Card Have CVV Printed on Both Sides?

Yes. American Express cards have a 4-digit CVV on the front and a 3-digit CVV on the back, like other cards. Here's how payment forms should handle both formats and why logging the security code is never allowed.

TROY card scheme logo

Credit Card

What Is TROY?

TROY, announced by the Interbank Card Center (BKM) in September 2015, is a card scheme like VISA, MasterCard, or AMEX. It takes its name from the initials of its Turkish slogan meaning 'Turkey's Payment Method'.

Photo illustrating the use of a prepaid card

Credit Card

Is a Prepaid Card a Credit Card or a Debit Card?

A prepaid card may look like a debit card since it has no predetermined limit and purchases are limited to the amount loaded by the cardholder, but in terms of use and operating logic it differs significantly from both credit and debit cards.

Diagram showing the structure of an EMV AID value split into RID and PIX sections

EMV

What is the Registered Application Provider Identifier (RID)?

RID is part of the AID value, which is structured according to ISO/IEC 7816-5 and consists of two sections: a value specific to the application provider, and an optional field used to identify different providers or products.

Diagram explaining the Visa Purchase Return Authorization process for card refunds

Credit Card

What Is Purchase Return Authorization?

A structure developed by Visa for purchase refund transactions. The purchase return authorization message lets cardholders view their refund transactions in real time, improving the customer refund experience.