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Laws & Regulations
The Visa Core Rules and Visa Product and Service Rules documents define the fundamental rules that apply to all institutions in the Visa network. They are updated regularly, and all members are expected to follow the latest version.
HSM & Security
TMK stands for Terminal Master Key, a key-encrypting key distributed manually or automatically under a previously established TMK. It is used to distribute data encryption keys to an ATM or POS terminal within a local network.
Merchant & POS
Isbank, a leading player in accepting payments from abroad in Turkey, has started accepting Discover and Diners Club cards via an agreement with Discover Financial Services, making it the bank accepting the most card brands in the country.
ATM
ATM stands for Automated Teller Machine, an electronic device that lets customers carry out account transactions with or without a card. It was invented in 1960 by John Shepherd-Barron. The first ATM in Turkey was installed in 1982.
Payment Systems
After Russia invaded Ukraine, Visa and Mastercard suspended services for sanctioned Russian banks. This post explains the impact on cardholders and merchants, and Russia's MIR and UnionPay alternatives.
Merchant & POS
UnionPay International (UPI) is a China UnionPay subsidiary founded in November 2012. Together with more than 1,000 institutions worldwide, UPI provides international card acceptance in 160 countries and card issuance in more than 40 countries and regions.
Debit Card
A prepaid card is a customized card that is not linked to a bank account and has no credit limit like a credit card - you can spend only up to the amount loaded onto it. Prepaid cards function just like a bank card or credit card.
ISO 8583
F45 (TRACK-1 DAT) carries the Track 1 data of the card in ISO 7813 format, including field separators and start and end sentinels but excluding the LRC character. It is 76 characters long.
ISO 8583
F35 TRACK-2 DATA: The values printed to the card's Track 2 data in ISO 7813 format, including field separators and start/end sentinels, but excluding LRC (Longitudinal Redundancy Check) characters. It is 37 characters long.
Credit Card
Most of us remember the impact the first iPhone, introduced by Steve Jobs on January 9, 2007 and revolutionary for its time, had on our lives. In a similar way, a product that will completely change how we use and view credit cards...
Credit Card
In the world of payment systems, just as credit cards are an indispensable product, a payment scheme is indispensable for credit cards. When a credit card product is launched, the scheme it will be issued under is decided first.
Payment Institutions & E-Money
On 7 October 2023, the CBRT amended the Communiqué on Information Systems of Payment and E-Money Institutions and Data Sharing Services of Payment Service Providers, first published on 1 December 2021. Links to the new text, a comparison table and a detailed summary of changes follow.