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Chart of the growth in card spending in Turkey in the first quarter of 2022

Merchant & POS

Card Payments Up 85%

According to the third Card Spending Analysis by TOBB and Visa, average monthly card spending in Turkey in the first quarter of 2022 rose 85 percent year on year, driven by e-commerce, debit cards, and contactless payments.

Illustration of embedded finance, with payment, credit, insurance and investment services built into everyday digital platforms

Open Banking

What Is Embedded Finance?

Embedded Finance means integrating financial products and services into non-financial platforms, experiences or business processes. In other words, services offered by financial institutions become part of the product or service flows of non-financial organizations.

Diagram of an external quarterly network vulnerability scan for PCI DSS compliance

Security

What Is a Quarterly Network Scan?

An external network scan run every 3 months by an Approved Scanning Vendor authorized by card schemes such as MasterCard and Visa, required for PCI DSS compliance. It checks whether merchant systems are protected against external threats.

Diagram of a partial authorization where an issuer approves only part of the requested amount

Merchant & POS

What Are the Partial Authorization Requirements for an Acquirer Bank?

Partial authorization lets an issuer approve part of the requested amount when the card lacks the full balance, with the rest paid another way. This post covers the technical, receipt, clearing, reconciliation, merchant and certification requirements for acquirers.

Illustration of a card payment approved for a partial amount

Merchant & POS

What Is Partial Authorization?

Partial Authorization lets an issuer approve part of a transaction instead of declining it when the balance or limit is insufficient. This post covers how it works in ISO 8583, whether it is mandatory, and why it matters for the business.

Diagram of the TR QR Code payment flow between cardholder, issuer, BKM and acquirer

Payment Systems

Why Am I Getting an Error When I Try to Pay with a TR QR Code?

In payment or cash withdrawal transactions, the TR QR Code is generated by the POS or ATM. The card issuing bank must build its systems to read and act on this code. Errors usually stem from mishandling the long and short QR code flows, which are explained here.

BKM API BIN list update illustration

Payment System Institutions

What Is the BKM API?

Thanks to the API developed by BKM, BKM Express member merchants can automatically update the BIN lists of cards issued by all banks in Türkiye and offer installments and reward points more efficiently.

Diagram illustrating card fraud and forgery in card payments

Security

What Is Forgery in Card Payments?

Forgery in card payments means transactions made with card details without the cardholder's knowledge, or purchases with counterfeit or stolen cards. Merchants cannot eliminate fraud and chargeback risk, but they should aim to reduce it to reasonable levels.

UnionPay logo

Payment System Institutions

What is the UnionPay Online Payment System (UPOP)?

UnionPay Online Payments (UPOP) lets merchants in China, New Zealand, Australia and other countries extend their e-commerce stores to accept UnionPay payments. UnionPay supports over 5 billion cards in more than 140 countries.

Illustration of a 3D Secure payment verification screen

Merchant & POS

What is a 3D Secure transaction?

In e-commerce transactions, the system developed to increase transaction security for payments made with credit and debit cards is called 3D Secure. When paying with 3D Secure, a special payment screen provided by the banks appears on the user's screen.