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Illustration of an AI-based payment agent making payments automatically on behalf of a user

Payment Systems

What Are AI-Based Payment Agents?

Digitalization keeps changing the speed and shape of payments. AI-based payment agents pay on their own within user-defined limits and rules, completing transactions without the user initiating any action. This post explains how they work and what to watch for.

POS terminal software version update process diagram

Merchant & POS

How is a software version uploaded to a POS terminal?

To upload a version to a POS, the software on the POS and the authorization system on the bank side must support it. Version upload to a POS can be done manually on the device itself, or via a remote upload request.

Conceptual illustration of a brain-computer interface chip connected to a human brain

Payment Systems

What Could Neuralink Change in Payment Systems?

Elon Musk was set to unveil Neuralink, a brain-computer interface. What is Neuralink, and how might payment systems change if payments, cards, ATMs and POS devices move from phones to a chip in the brain?

Contactless card payment on a POS terminal abroad

Credit Card

On the Issue with Visa Contactless Transactions Abroad...

From the outside, Visa contactless looks simple, but once the limit is exceeded and PIN comes into play it gets deeper. Why do response codes 65 and 70 behave so differently on POS devices in different countries, such as the Netherlands and Saudi Arabia?

FAST TR QR Code payment illustration

Mobile Payments

What Is FAST – TR QR Code?

TR QR Code is the QR code standard defined by the regulation on generating and using TR QR codes in payment services. FAST – TR QR Code refers to the TR QR Code used for payments made through FAST, built on BKM's infrastructure.

Technician performing first line maintenance on an ATM

ATM

What Is FLM (First Line Maintenance)?

FLM (First Line Maintenance) refers to service calls that require no tools or parts but are needed to return an ATM to proper working condition. It covers basic issues such as paper jams, cash jams, and restocking consumables.

Illustration of dynamic CVM limit management for contactless card payments

Payment Systems

Dynamic CVM Limit Management Approach: A New Era in Card Security

One of the most notable recent developments in card payments is that contactless limits are no longer fixed and can be managed dynamically per customer. Mastercard and Visa are taking different but complementary approaches, and ISO 8583 may need to evolve with them.

Illustration of a Terminal Master Key (TMK) securing a payment terminal

HSM & Security

What is TMK (Terminal Master Key)?

TMK stands for Terminal Master Key, a key-encrypting key distributed manually or automatically under a previously established TMK. It is used to distribute data encryption keys to an ATM or POS terminal within a local network.

New BIN card product launch process

Credit Card

What Happens When a Product Is Launched Under a New BIN?

When banks launch a new card product, they can do it under an existing BIN or a new one. A new BIN requires much more work: BKM announces it, every bank defines it and every POS has to download it.

Illustration representing the products and services KKB offers directly to its member institutions

Credit Card

What Products and Services Does KKB Offer Directly to Members?

KKB was established, under banking law, to enable the exchange of all kinds of information and documents among at least five banks, and it also shares credit information about customers. The Credit Bureau of Turkey also serves deposit banks, participation banks, financial institutions, and more.