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Payment Systems
In payment or cash withdrawal transactions, the TR QR Code is generated by the POS or ATM. The card issuing bank must build its systems to read and act on this code. Errors usually stem from mishandling the long and short QR code flows, which are explained here.
Merchant & POS
The Combined Warning List (BUL) lists card numbers the issuer wants blocked (lost, stolen, counterfeit, etc.), which acquiring merchants check within certain limits, at their own risk, when online authorization cannot be obtained.
Merchant & POS
When a chip can't be read due to a chip fault or the card being inserted incorrectly, the transaction is completed by swiping the magnetic stripe on the right side of the POS. Can chipless cards do fallback?
Merchant & POS
Partial Authorization lets an issuer approve part of a transaction instead of declining it when the balance or limit is insufficient. This post covers how it works in ISO 8583, whether it is mandatory, and why it matters for the business.
Credit Card
Issuer Identification Number (IIN) is the first 6 digits of 16-digit cards and the first 8 digits of 19-digit cards. It is more commonly known as BIN (Bank Identification Number). Learn what the IIN table holds and how to look one up.
EMV
The Lower Consecutive Offline Limit is the maximum number of consecutive offline transactions allowed by the ICC application, as set by the issuer, on a terminal capable of going online. It is sent in tag 9F14.
Chargeback
A chargeback is a dispute raised against a card transaction when the cardholder did not make it or does not recall it. The dispute types vary depending on the situation; let's look at them.
EMV
DAC is the abbreviation for Data Authentication Code. It is a piece of data assigned by the issuer and held by the terminal during the Signed Static Application Data verification process.
Credit Card
CPV stands for Card Personalization Validation. It is Mastercard's term for the set of recommendations and instructions defined for the card personalization process. The equivalent for Visa is called GPR (Global Personalization Requirements).
Credit Card
Banks must go through a costly, arduous process to issue cards (issuer) and accept cards (acquirer), paying high entry fees to international license providers and local organizations such as BKM.
Payment Systems
A shared POS is a bank or institution terminal that can host more than one application. This post covers the software, APN and authorization steps, and the key test scenarios to cover in a shared POS project.
Chargeback
Arbitration, by definition, is a dispute resolution method in which disputes are settled by arbitrators the parties choose themselves, rather than by official courts. In payment systems, it follows a chargeback when the issuer and acquirer cannot agree.