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Diagram showing an authorized card transaction that expires before reaching the clearing file

Credit Card

What does it mean for a card transaction to expire?

Due to how payment systems work, authorization is obtained for a transaction first. For a Not Onus transaction (different card and POS banks), the system waits for it to arrive via the clearing incoming file. If it does not arrive within about a week, the transaction expires.

Business owner reviewing the documents required for a POS merchant application

Merchant & POS

Can I get a POS device as an individual customer?

For a POS device to be issued to a customer, the customer must have a legal entity status, such as a sole proprietorship, commercial company, or foundation/association. POS devices cannot legally be issued to individual customers.

Illustration of a surcharge fee added to a card payment transaction

Merchant & POS

What is a surcharge?

A surcharge is a fee, charge, or tax added to the cost of a good or service. In payment systems, it refers to adding the merchant's transaction commission to the cash sale amount on credit card transactions, resulting in a higher charge.

Diagram of a smartphone using Magnetic Secure Transmission (MST) to emit a signal that mimics a card's magnetic stripe at a POS terminal

Merchant & POS

What is MST (Magnetic Secure Transmission)?

Magnetic Secure Transmission (MST) is a mobile payment technology in which devices such as smartphones emit a signal that mimics the magnetic stripe on a traditional payment card, letting a physical card's POS use be imitated without upgrading terminal software or hardware.

Sample credit voucher (refund) document

Merchant & POS

What is a Credit Voucher (Refund Document)?

A Credit Voucher (Refund Document) is a document issued by the merchant for the refund or cancellation of a good or service that a cardholder purchased using a credit card, or to correct an overcharge made by mistake.

Diagram showing the role of the Access Control Server (ACS) in the 3-D Secure authentication flow

Security

What is Access Security Control (ACS)?

Access Security Control (ACS) is the security protocol that the card-issuing bank must maintain in 3-D Secure to support cardholder authentication, functioning as a complete authentication solution for issuers and payment processors.

Overview of Türkiye's Law No. 6493

Laws & Regulations

What Is Law No. 6493? What Does It Contain?

Law No. 6493, published in Official Gazette No. 28690 on 27 June 2013, regulates the procedures and principles for payment and securities settlement systems, payment services, payment institutions and e-money institutions.

Diagram showing how pre-authorization blocks a card's available limit

Credit Card

Which Cards Can Be Used for Pre-Authorization?

Pre-authorization reduces the merchant's risk by blocking part of the card's limit for a set period. Since a credit card has a defined limit, an amount can be blocked against it. ATM cards and prepaid debit cards have no such limit to block.

Credit card being presented at a POS terminal for a pre-authorization transaction

Merchant & POS

Is a Card Required for a Pre-Authorization Transaction?

Whether a card is required for a pre-authorization transaction depends on the type of POS used. On a physical POS, the card must be swiped or inserted to start the transaction. On a virtual POS, entering the card details manually is enough.

Illustration representing an AI agent making a payment

Agentic Commerce

Agentic Commerce Series – Part 4

Are We Ready to Give an AI Agent the Authority to Make Payments? Having long looked at complaint and dispute processes in payment systems, I think granting an agent payment authority is far different from research or product selection.

Diagram showing how offline transactions are relayed from the POS to the card bank

Merchant & POS

How Do Offline Transactions Reach the Card and POS Bank?

In chip transactions made with a credit card via POS, the transaction amount is approved by the card and POS based on parameters on the card and POS, without going to the card bank or POS bank. These are called offline transactions.