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Illustration of a closed-loop payment ecosystem growing through loyalty, data, and new services

Closed-Loop Payments

Why Do Closed-Loop Payment Systems Want to Grow? | Series #6

Why does a coffee chain build its own loyalty program, and why does a payment app keep adding services? This post looks at how loyalty, data, and new services drive the growth of closed-loop payment systems, and at the financial layers behind that growth.

European Payments Initiative (EPI) overview graphic

Payment System Institutions

What is EPI (European Payments Initiative)?

The European Payments Initiative (EPI), formerly known as PEPSI, is an ECB-backed payment integration initiative aiming to build a pan-European payment system and interbank network to rival Mastercard and Visa. Its founding members include BBVA, BNP Paribas, CaixaBank, Commerzbank and others.

QR code payment being scanned with a smartphone at a point of sale

Laws & Regulations

The 'TR QR Code' Era in Payment Systems

The Regulation on the Generation and Use of TR QR Code in Payment Systems sets the standards for QR codes in payment services. The Central Bank has taken the first step by drafting rules for a common QR code structure.

Portrait photo of a digital banking presentation slide listing the standards for digital banks

Open Banking

Digital Banking Standards are becoming clearer step by step

Digital banking is talked about more every day, and with the BRSA's support in defining its scope, it is about to enter our lives. A 'digital bank' is a credit institution that provides banking services mainly through electronic channels rather than physical branches.

ETBİS electronic commerce information system registration

Payment Systems

What Is ETBİS?

ETBİS (Electronic Commerce Information System) is the system launched on 04/12/2017 so that e-commerce businesses are reachable and e-commerce data can be tracked reliably. Businesses must register before starting.

Easy Addressing System (KOLAS) participation diagram

FAST

Which Institutions Can Provide the Easy Address Service?

To offer the Easy Address service, an institution needs approval from the Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye (CBRT), documented eligibility to participate in FAST or EFT, and completed administrative and technical processes with BKM.

Diagram illustrating how financing companies operate in Turkey

Payment System Institutions

What Are the Financing Companies Operating in Turkey?

These are credit institutions providing financing to individuals and companies for purchasing goods and services. Financing companies specialize mainly in vehicle loans, offering fast and flexible point-of-sale solutions distinct from banks.

HCE terminology and architecture diagram

HCE

Terms Used in HCE Terminology

When we talk about HCE methodology, many interacting architectural components come to mind. The core terms describing this architecture are listed below, starting with GCM/FCM (Google/Firebase Cloud Messaging), a service for sending push notifications.

Diagram illustrating the types of chargeback disputes in card payments

Chargeback

What are the chargeback dispute types?

A chargeback is a dispute raised against a card transaction when the cardholder did not make it or does not recall it. The dispute types vary depending on the situation; let's look at them.

Diagram illustrating how a Payment Facilitator connects merchants to banks for card payments

Merchant & POS

What Is a Payment Facilitator (PF)?

A Payment Facilitator (PF) is a licensed payment institution that lets merchants accept card payments without applying to banks directly. Learn how it works.