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Diagram illustrating how a transaction's 3D Secure authentication level is determined

3D Secure

How is a transaction's 3D Secure level determined?

Especially with the growth of the internet, credit card transactions have started shifting from physical POS terminals to virtual POS terminals. In virtual transactions, the 3D Secure structure is used instead of the card PIN entered in physical transactions. So how is a transaction's…

Diagram showing the structure of an EMV AID value split into RID and PIX sections

EMV

What is the Registered Application Provider Identifier (RID)?

RID is part of the AID value, which is structured according to ISO/IEC 7816-5 and consists of two sections: a value specific to the application provider, and an optional field used to identify different providers or products.

Table listing the EMV chip specifications used by Visa, Mastercard, American Express, JCB, Discover, and UnionPay

EMV

What are EMV Schemes?

EMV standards form the foundation for chip cards to work on terminals worldwide, but each scheme - VSDC (Visa), M/Chip (Mastercard), AEIPS (Amex), J Smart (JCB), D-PAS (Discover), and UICS (UnionPay) - defines its own keys, rules, and card profiles.

Illustration representing payment card BIN numbers and card schemes

Credit Card

Which BINs Do Payment Schemes Work With?

Banks increase the variety of their products and services to serve customers better. When introducing new products, they usually issue them under a new BIN. So are there valid rules for obtaining a new BIN (Bank Identification Number)?

PCI Security Standards Council overview

Security

What is PCI SSC?

It is an organization aimed at developing, managing, teaching, and raising awareness of security standards in the Card Payments Industry. The PCI Security Standards Council is also an open global forum for data security standards.

Table listing sample Merchant Category Codes (MCC) and their descriptions

Merchant & POS

What Is an MCC (Merchant Category Code)?

MCC stands for Merchant Category Code: a 4-digit code used to classify merchants by business type. Codes differ slightly between Mastercard, Visa, and BKM.

Diagram showing the structure of ISO 8583 field F48 (Additional Data)

ISO 8583

ISO 8583 Field Descriptions (F48)

DE 48 - ADDITIONAL DATA: these are additional data fields that can be used specifically for transactions. It is 255 characters long. Field F48 carries many pieces of information and is divided into PDS (Private Data Subelements).

Diagram of ISO 8583 Field 2 (F2) card number structure

ISO 8583

ISO 8583 Field Descriptions (F2)

F2 is the Card Number field in ISO 8583, identifying the cardholder and issuing bank. This post covers its structure, the 8-digit BIN update, field format, first-digit scheme identification, and PCI DSS security requirements.

Diagram illustrating the ISO 8583 field 32 structure

ISO 8583

ISO 8583 Field Descriptions (F32)

F32 - ACQUIRING INSTITUTION IDENTIFICATION CODE: the 11-digit acquirer bank ID. The values it can take for domestic transactions and by card brand include Visa, MasterCard, UnionPay, Discover and JCB formats.

TROY card scheme logo

Credit Card

What Is TROY?

TROY, announced by the Interbank Card Center (BKM) in September 2015, is a card scheme like VISA, MasterCard, or AMEX. It takes its name from the initials of its Turkish slogan meaning 'Turkey's Payment Method'.

EMV chip card illustration

Online & Authorization

What is EMV?

EMV stands for Europay, Mastercard and Visa. In 1994 these companies formed a working group to set chip-card standards, leading to the EMV standards used worldwide today.