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HCE
Tokenization generates secure data from a credit card number, using specific algorithms, for use during authorization. In CNP transactions, it removes the risk of storing or compromising the original card number.
Merchant & POS
Contains the EMV steps performed by the Terminal in a transaction. The TSI fields, their possible values, and descriptions of the values are shown below.
Credit Card
Although debit cards and credit cards look similar in appearance, there are fundamental differences between them, from cash advances to installments and security.
Merchant & POS
MCC stands for Merchant Category Code: a 4-digit code used to classify merchants by business type. Codes differ slightly between Mastercard, Visa, and BKM.
Credit Card
A credit card number created based on a credit card, not physically printed, usable in all virtual purchases (mail order, e-commerce, etc.). It is generated instantly upon request, usable right away, created with a zero limit, and free of charge.
Credit Card
In foreign transactions the Transaction Amount is taken online from the customer's account, but what matters is the amount transmitted at clearing, so exchange rate fluctuations between the two moments can create risk for the bank.
HCE
There are three types of PIN strategy in HCE (Host Card Emulation): No PIN, Card PIN and Wallet PIN or customer biometric data. Each balances user experience and security differently.
Credit Card
KKB (Credit Registration Bureau) is a private company established in 1995 under Banking Law No. 5411 with nine bank shareholders, sharing credit information among member institutions.
Merchant & POS
The floor limit is the value held on the POS that determines the maximum amount for which an offline transaction can be approved. It is managed per terminal and can be updated at any time through the POS parameter management system.
General
Who will win in Agentic Commerce? Owning the customer used to be a huge advantage. Once an agent starts deciding on the customer's behalf, where does the real power move to?
Agentic Commerce
Can AI Decide on Our Behalf? Letting an AI agent handle research can make life much easier. The real question is where that should stop, and how much decision-making authority we are ready to hand over.
Credit Card
The BRSA raised the card limit threshold used to set the minimum payment rate from TRY 50,000 to TRY 100,000. This post explains what changed, why now, the short-term relief, the risk of carried-over balances, and which data to watch.