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"Card Security"

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Illustration explaining how a card's CVV value is generated

Credit Card

How is CVV generated?

CVV is a very critical 3-digit value used during a card's authorization process. The CVV value is encoded in the card's magnetic stripe data (Track 1 and Track 2). Is it generated by an algorithm or chosen at random?

Diagram showing 3D Secure, Half 3D Secure, and Non-3D Secure transaction flows based on VERes and PARes response codes

Payment Systems

What is a Half 3D Secure transaction?

A Half 3D Secure transaction is, in short, the term used when the merchant supports 3D Secure but the card does not. Can such transactions occur as 3D Secure/Half Secure when the merchant does not support 3D Secure? A transaction started without the 3D process is treated as Non-Secure.

HCE mobile payment PIN strategies

HCE

What Are the PIN Strategies in HCE?

There are three types of PIN strategy in HCE (Host Card Emulation): No PIN, Card PIN and Wallet PIN or customer biometric data. Each balances user experience and security differently.

3D Secure opt-out online payment illustration

Merchant & POS

What Is Opt Out?

In online transactions, Opt Out is the cardholder exercising the right not to enroll in 3D Secure. It is not unlimited: only as many transactions as the issuer allows can be made without 3D Secure.

Illustration of a Card Not Present (CNP) online payment transaction

Credit Card

What Is a CNP (Card Not Present) Transaction?

CNP refers to a transaction made through a website or a company's own app payment page, where the card is not read by any device and its details are entered manually. It is short for Card Not Present.

Apple Card and Apple Pay announcement graphic from Apple's Special Event

Credit Card

Apple Is Rewriting the Card World...

Most of us remember the impact the first iPhone, introduced by Steve Jobs on January 9, 2007 and revolutionary for its time, had on our lives. In a similar way, a product that will completely change how we use and view credit cards...

Physical credit card compared with a virtual card on a mobile phone

Credit Card

Physical or Virtual Credit Card: Which Do You Prefer?

Digitalization is reshaping payment systems. Credit cards are moving from physical plastic to virtual cards, e-wallets and mobile payments. Will physical card use disappear completely? Here is a look at the trends, Generation Z and the remaining gaps.

Illustration representing the advantages and disadvantages of credit cards

Credit Card

What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of a Credit Card?

Credit cards can be a convenient way to manage income and expenses, but for those who don't know how to use them, they can become an expensive and risky product. Here are the key pros and cons to weigh before applying for one.

Virtual POS (VPOS) online payment interface screenshot

Merchant & POS

What is VPOS (Virtual POS)?

VPOS (Virtual POS) is the software-based, security-enhanced equivalent of the physical POS devices used for card payments at merchants, used for purchases made over the internet. It is also known as Virtual POS. VPOS is not issued to individual customers.

Diagram of the components that make up an HCE transaction token

HCE

What components make up an HCE Token (Transaction Token)?

The token used in HCE transactions contains more than just a new number derived from the card number. It also includes single-use keys, an expiration date, RSA keys and certificates, transaction limits, and an Application Transaction Counter (ATC).

Contactless payment being made with a chip debit card at a POS terminal

Debit Card

Can a debit card (ATM card) be used for contactless transactions?

A contactless transaction is a fast, secure payment made between a chip card and a POS device without direct contact, without the card's chip or magnetic data being read through the card reader. Can this be done with a debit card (ATM card)?