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Merchant & POS
Response codes returned on payment transactions are critical for managing next steps. Curious which error codes trigger card capture? Under ISO 8583, codes 04, 07, 33, 34, 36, 38, 41 and 43 all result in the card being captured.
Payment Systems
TCR stands for Transaction Record Component, the packets that carry transaction information in a clearing system. Transaction types in a clearing file are distinguished by transaction code and usage code values, and this data is sent inside TCR packets.
Cryptocurrency
Cryptocurrencies are becoming part of everyday life and are expected to compete seriously with card payments. This glossary explains the key crypto terms, from address, altcoin and arbitrage to halving, mining, proof of stake and stop-loss.
Credit Card
When I think back to the Akbil I used when I first arrived in Istanbul, I think it's fair to say that Istanbulkart has undergone a very significant transformation. Users can now track activity, top up and view balances right from their phones.
Laws & Regulations
BKM (Interbank Card Center) membership is available in 3 statuses: bank, institution or HSK. This post explains the eligibility criteria for each status, the 12-month certification requirement and the BKM fee principles.
Security
Forgery in card payments means transactions made with card details without the cardholder's knowledge, or purchases with counterfeit or stolen cards. Merchants cannot eliminate fraud and chargeback risk, but they should aim to reduce it to reasonable levels.
Agentic Commerce
Points or habit? Loyalty programs are built on steering human behavior. But if an AI agent starts shopping on our behalf, do points and campaigns still work the same way?
Payment Systems
Takasbank (Istanbul Settlement and Custody Bank) exists to increase the competitiveness of Turkey's markets by providing clearing and custody services, financial services, and other economic activities under the relevant legislation.
Credit Card
Administrative follow-up and legal follow-up are both credit card collection statuses, but they differ in many ways in how they work, what they cost and how they affect the cardholder.
Payment System Institutions
One of the most important transformations in banking over the last few years has undoubtedly been remote customer onboarding. Individuals can now become bank customers within minutes without visiting a branch. Digital identity checks and contracts largely solved a long-standing problem...
Credit Card
A financial card product issued against a primary card, with its own card number, expiration date, authority, limit, and PIN. Using a supplementary card is ideal for making purchases from more than one card while keeping all spending on a single statement.
Payment Systems
Why do institutions track inefficient POS terminals and lines? This post looks at the costs they create, such as device purchases, field service and software fees, and how to deal with merchants that generate little turnover.