NFC, developed in late 2002 through a partnership between Sony and Philips and adopted as a standard by ISO/IEC in 2003, is a data transfer technology. In addition, the NFC Forum was founded in 2004 by Nokia, Sony and NXP to develop NFC technology.
The NFC system, which has a data transmission range of 2 to 4 cm depending on the bandwidth, can transfer data at 13.56 MHz in as little as 100 ms, at speeds between 106 kbps and 848 kbps depending on the distance.
The NFC system carries out this process with electromagnetic radio waves between an initiator and a target device. The initiator affects the target device with the electromagnetic signals it emits, and electromagnetic signals come back from the target device to the initiator as feedback. In this way, data is exchanged between them.
There are currently two globally accepted standards for NFC.
ISO/IEC 18092/ECMA-340: Near Field Communication Interface and Protocol-1 (NFCIP-1)
ISO/IEC 21481/ECMA-352: Near Field Communication Interface and Protocol-2 (NFCIP-2)
Areas of use:
Payment systems: debit cards, credit cards, bus cards, tram or train cards
Turnstile access, smart door systems, secure area access systems
Vending machines, parking meters, promotion and advertising systems
Purchases made with a registered ticket at registered businesses.
