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Illustration showing the reasons a bank may terminate a merchant agreement

Merchant & POS

Under What Circumstances Is a Merchant Agreement Terminated?

Banks check merchants against a termination list before issuing a POS device. Learn the main reasons, such as counterfeit card acceptance, excessive chargebacks, and fraud, that can lead a bank to terminate a merchant agreement.

Diagram illustrating SDA, DDA, and CDA offline data authentication methods

Credit Card

What are SDA, DDA, and CDA?

SDA (Static Data Authentication), DDA (Dynamic Data Authentication), and CDA (Combined Dynamic Data Authentication) are offline data authentication methods used in chip cards. Learn how each one validates the card and the transaction.

Screenshot of the Official Gazette announcing Law No. 7192 on payment and securities settlement systems

Laws & Regulations

What Is Law No. 7192 and What Does It Include?

Law No. 7192 amends certain articles of Law No. 6493 on Payment and Securities Settlement Systems, Payment Services and Electronic Money Institutions. Announced on 22 November 2019, it entered into force on 01.01.2020.

Virtual POS online card payment illustration

Merchant & POS

What Are the Benefits of a Virtual POS for Merchants?

A virtual POS is a payment platform that enables online payments by credit or debit card. Banks also give merchants interfaces for mail order, pre-authorization, cancellations and refunds.

Diagram of the TR QR Code payment flow between cardholder, issuer, BKM and acquirer

Payment Systems

Why Am I Getting an Error When I Try to Pay with a TR QR Code?

In payment or cash withdrawal transactions, the TR QR Code is generated by the POS or ATM. The card issuing bank must build its systems to read and act on this code. Errors usually stem from mishandling the long and short QR code flows, which are explained here.

Illustration of a commercial debit card issued to companies and sole proprietorships

Debit Card

What Is a Commercial Debit Card?

A debit-featured card issued to a sole proprietorship, a commercial company, or a foundation/association is called a commercial debit card. Operationally, it is no different from a personal debit (ATM) card. It has its own limit, status, and user.

BKM Online member information sharing portal

Credit Card

What Is BKM Online (BOL)?

BKM Online is the web-based electronic system that enables communication and information sharing between BKM and its members, including documents, reports, services and work calendars, according to user permissions.

Diagram illustrating the ISO 8583 F55 field structure for ICC system related data

ISO 8583

ISO 8583 Field Descriptions (F55)

F55 - INTEGRATED CIRCUIT CARD (ICC) SYSTEM RELATED DATA: the field where EMV data is written on chip cards. It consists of components such as Position, Private Data Subelements, PDS Tag, PDS Length, and PDS Value...

Illustration showing the difference between a cancellation and a refund transaction

Merchant & POS

What Is a Cancellation (Void) and a Refund?

Credit card transactions made via POS sometimes need to be reversed. These are called a cancellation (void) or a refund. What's the difference, and when does each apply?

Diagram illustrating how parameters such as BIN lists and keys are loaded onto a POS terminal

Merchant & POS

What Does Loading Parameters onto a POS Mean?

Loading parameters onto a POS transfers BIN lists, key data, and refund/cancellation authorizations from the management system onto the terminal. Learn how and when it happens.