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HSM & Security
KEK (Key Encryption Key) is an encryption key used to encrypt the DEK (Data Encryption Key) and decrypt the encrypted DEK. The relationship between KEK and DEK: in encryption systems, keys are managed in a layered structure.
Payment System Institutions
UnionPay Online Payments (UPOP) lets merchants in China, New Zealand, Australia and other countries extend their e-commerce stores to accept UnionPay payments. UnionPay supports over 5 billion cards in more than 140 countries.
Credit Card
In transactions carried out through banks, a certain limit is set due to the rules and requirements of institutions such as the BRSA (BDDK) and MASAK, as well as the measures banks take to reduce risk, and transactions above this limit are not approved. In the world of payment systems…
Payment System Institutions
One of the most important transformations in banking over the last few years has undoubtedly been remote customer onboarding. Individuals can now become bank customers within minutes without visiting a branch. Digital identity checks and contracts largely solved a long-standing problem...
Payment Systems
Why do institutions track inefficient POS terminals and lines? This post looks at the costs they create, such as device purchases, field service and software fees, and how to deal with merchants that generate little turnover.
Laws & Regulations
The purpose of Law No. 5464 on Bank Cards and Credit Cards is to ensure the card payment system works effectively by regulating the issuance and use of bank and credit cards and the related clearing and netting processes.
Credit Card
With its announcement dated 09.06.2022, the BRSA changed how the credit card minimum payment is calculated: 20 percent of the period debt below a 25,000 lira limit and 40 percent above it. This post covers what banks should do and the likely market impact.
Merchant & POS
Financial institutions, cash register (OKC) manufacturers, and private integrators run this Ministry-authorized system under Communique No. 507 on the Tax Procedure Law, enabling mobile sales with electronic financial documents.
Merchant & POS
The MCC code, or Merchant Category Code, is a 4-digit code used to classify merchants. Some MCC codes are restricted or prohibited, and POS terminals or card transactions may be blocked when such a code is used.
Debit Card
The use of prepaid cards, and the number of prepaid cards issued by e-money institutions, has risen sharply. This post looks at why, how to choose a card, and which fees prepaid cards charge.
Closed-Loop Payments
Why does a coffee chain build its own loyalty program, and why does a payment app keep adding services? This post looks at how loyalty, data, and new services drive the growth of closed-loop payment systems, and at the financial layers behind that growth.
Payment Systems
There are standards that keep payment systems running smoothly and reliably. One of these is ISO 20022. So what is ISO 20022, and why was it created? It is an international, XML-based financial messaging standard developed in 2009.