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Courier handing a package to a customer for cash-on-delivery payment

Merchant & POS

What Is Cash on Delivery?

Cash on delivery means paying for an online order at the moment of delivery, usually in cash, though some e-commerce sites also accept card payment at the door. It boosts sales and builds trust, but carries risks like missing POS terminals and refused deliveries.

Issuer Script Results field values shown on a POS terminal screen

Credit Card

Issuer Script Results

Issuer Script Results is the field that shows the results of the Issuer Script commands sent to the card. This post explains its byte and bit values, what an issuer script is, why the results matter, and what happens when a command fails.

Illustration representing Strong Customer Authentication (SCA) under PSD2

Payment Systems

What is Strong Customer Authentication (SCA)?

Strong Customer Authentication (SCA) is a security requirement introduced under the EU's Payment Services Directive 2 (PSD2) to increase security and reduce fraud in online payment transactions. SCA requires two of three independent authentication factors.

Flowchart showing the chargeback dispute process between cardholder, issuer, and merchant

Chargeback

What is a chargeback?

A chargeback is the process of refunding an amount back to a credit card when goods or services paid for are not received, or when transactions not carried out by the cardholder are identified. It is translated into Turkish as reverse presentment.

Illustration representing the advantages and disadvantages of credit cards

Credit Card

What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of a Credit Card?

Credit cards can be a convenient way to manage income and expenses, but for those who don't know how to use them, they can become an expensive and risky product. Here are the key pros and cons to weigh before applying for one.

Diagram showing the flow of incoming and outgoing files in the clearing system between banks

Clearing

Clearing System Files: Incoming and Outgoing Files

The clearing system settles a transaction between two participants when a card from one bank is used at another bank's POS or ATM. Learn about the incoming and outgoing files used in interbank clearing.

Diagram illustrating how a POS terminal's floor limit determines offline transaction approval

Merchant & POS

What Is a Floor Limit?

The floor limit is the value held on the POS that determines the maximum amount for which an offline transaction can be approved. It is managed per terminal and can be updated at any time through the POS parameter management system.

Illustration of an AI-based payment agent making payments automatically on behalf of a user

Payment Systems

What Are AI-Based Payment Agents?

Digitalization keeps changing the speed and shape of payments. AI-based payment agents pay on their own within user-defined limits and rules, completing transactions without the user initiating any action. This post explains how they work and what to watch for.

Diagram of the online authorization flow for below-CVM-limit contactless transactions

Payment Systems

Domestic Flow Change Made for Below-CVM-Limit Online Contactless Transactions

The domestic authorization flow for below-CVM-limit online contactless transactions has changed. Issuers can now ask the cardholder for a PIN or request card insertion instead of simply approving or declining. This post explains the CVM list and the new DE48 PDS22 and DE39 = 65 message flows.