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HSM & Security
HSM, short for Hardware Security Module, is specialized security hardware built to store sensitive cryptographic keys in a physical environment and to perform cryptographic operations in the most secure way.
Merchant & POS
PIN Transaction Security (PTS) verifies that card data and PIN information are used for a payment transaction. It is a set of modular evaluation requirements managed by the PCI Security Standards Council for PIN-accepting terminals.
Merchant & POS
An imprinter is the name given to devices that transfer all the information embossed on a credit card onto a paper sales receipt. Before POS terminals, it was commonly used by merchants for authorization transactions.
Credit Card
Track3 is a field that doesn't need to be written to the card's magnetic stripe. It's used only in very specific cases and isn't required for authorization transactions. Issuers generally don't encode Track3 data onto the card's magnetic stripe. It consists of 104 numeric characters.
Credit Card
PVKI is the abbreviation for PIN Verification Key Index. It is located within the card's Track 1 and Track 2 data and is used in PVV calculation. It can take values from 1 to 6, usually defaulting to 1.
Credit Card
PVV is the number encoded on a card's magnetic stripe that allows the cardholder's PIN to be verified by ATMs and POS terminals. It is a 4-digit cryptogram calculated through a cryptographic operation using the PIN and card data. The real result is longer than 4 digits.
Merchant & POS
The digital form of Point of Sale (POS) systems is called Digital POS. There is also a software-only subtype called Virtual POS. After Mobile POS (mPOS) and Virtual POS usage became widespread, the term digital POS came to refer to these two products.
ATM
ATM stands for Automated Teller Machine, an electronic device that lets customers carry out account transactions with or without a card. It was invented in 1960 by John Shepherd-Barron. The first ATM in Turkey was installed in 1982.
Credit Card
PVK (Pin Verification Key) is a key held on the HSM, used in PIN generation and verification, and therefore to confirm that a PIN is correct. On a shared network it is encrypted under TMK or ZMK; on a local network it is encrypted under one of the LMK pairs.
ATM
The first device that can truly be called an ATM was produced by De La Rue for Barclays Bank and put into service in Enfield, London, on 27 June 1967. The ATM came to Türkiye in 1982.
Payment Systems
In payment or cash withdrawal transactions, the TR QR Code is generated by the POS or ATM. The card issuing bank must build its systems to read and act on this code. Errors usually stem from mishandling the long and short QR code flows, which are explained here.
Merchant & POS
In daily credit card purchases, the POS produces two receipts: the Customer Copy and the Merchant Copy. The cardholder gets the customer copy; the merchant keeps its own copy by law.