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Diagram illustrating the stages a credit card goes through from application to delivery

Credit Card

What stages does a credit card go through before reaching the customer?

Credit cards are undoubtedly the most important payment tool for most of us when shopping. So what stages does a credit card or debit card go through before it reaches our pocket? The customer submits a card application request, and the process continues from there.

Illustration of remote identity verification and open banking in digital banking

Laws & Regulations

Remote Identity Verification, Reliance on Third Parties and Open Banking

Digitalization is changing how banks onboard customers. This post covers digital identity, verification methods, what the Turkish ID card offers, and Article 43 of the Regulation on Information Systems of Banks and Electronic Banking Services on remote identity verification and open banking.

Illustration representing the advantages and disadvantages of credit cards

Credit Card

What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of a Credit Card?

Credit cards can be a convenient way to manage income and expenses, but for those who don't know how to use them, they can become an expensive and risky product. Here are the key pros and cons to weigh before applying for one.

Diagram illustrating how a POS device identifies foreign bank cards using BIN lists

Merchant & POS

How Does a POS Device Detect Foreign Cards?

A POS is a functional device with its own dedicated software, customized according to the authorization system of the bank it is connected to, that accepts credit or debit cards. So, banks abroad launch dozens of new card products every day…

Diagram illustrating the structure of an Issuer Identification Number (IIN) on a payment card

Credit Card

What is an Issuer Identification Number (IIN)?

Issuer Identification Number (IIN) is the first 6 digits of 16-digit cards and the first 8 digits of 19-digit cards. It is more commonly known as BIN (Bank Identification Number). Learn what the IIN table holds and how to look one up.

Chart of the effects of credit card usage on inflation

Credit Card

Does Credit Card Usage Increase Inflation?

The effect of credit cards on inflation has been debated for years. Because I am asked about it so often, I ran a poll on arifunal.com to gather readers' views. This post weighs the positive and negative effects and compares the poll with the research findings.

Close-up of a payment card showing its first six digits, the BIN

Credit Card

What Is a BIN (Bank Identification Number)?

BIN stands for Bank Identification Number, the unique code made up of a card's first 6 digits that identifies which bank issued it, under the ISO/IEC 7812 standard.

Credit card statement showing an unrecognized transaction

Credit Card

Is Your Card Making Purchases Without Your Knowledge?

While reviewing your credit card statement, you suddenly notice a transaction you never made. What would you think? Is your card going shopping while you sleep? Let's look at how this can happen and what to do about it.

Diagram illustrating how an API connects applications and servers

Payment Institutions & E-Money

What is an API?

Used as an abbreviation for Application Programming Interface, an API is an interface that allows an application's functions to be accessed and used from outside or remotely, letting an application on a server be reached from different platforms.