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Payment Institutions & E-Money
The first Payment Services Directive (PSD1) was adopted in 2007 to provide the legal basis for a single EU payments market. PSD2, Directive 2015/2366, replaced it to make payments safer, more integrated and more competitive.
Payment Institutions & E-Money
The BRSA is the Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency, an autonomous agency that protects savers' rights, ensures banks operate soundly and securely, and contributes to the long-term growth and stability of Turkey's economy.
General
Who will win in Agentic Commerce? Owning the customer used to be a huge advantage. Once an agent starts deciding on the customer's behalf, where does the real power move to?
Agentic Commerce
Points or habit? Loyalty programs are built on steering human behavior. But if an AI agent starts shopping on our behalf, do points and campaigns still work the same way?
Agentic Commerce
Are We Ready to Give an AI Agent the Authority to Make Payments? Having long looked at complaint and dispute processes in payment systems, I think granting an agent payment authority is far different from research or product selection.
Payment Systems
Contactless payment has greatly improved the user experience, yet its fixed transaction limit is a common complaint. Can this limit be managed dynamically per customer? This post covers the current situation, technical and regulatory requirements and the outlook.
Merchant & POS
Visa's Merchant Data Standards Manual covers classification, identification and data standard requirements for merchants, payment facilitators and marketplaces, including merchant naming, location and MCC rules. Here is what it contains and where to find it.
Online & Authorization
You press the pay button and the screen says the transaction failed. Behind that failure are checks on your balance and transaction security. This post explains how funds confirmation APIs work, where they apply, and the situation in Turkey's open banking.
Payment Systems
Open banking means sharing financial data with third parties securely, and Payment Services Data Sharing Services (OHVPS) are the two core payment services under it. This post explains both and where to find the participant list on the BKM website.
Payment Systems
Under the EU Digital Markets Act, Apple will let third-party developers in the European Economic Area offer NFC contactless payments inside iOS apps without Apple Pay or Apple Wallet, opening the way for banks and payment services to launch their own tap-to-pay solutions.
Payment Systems
WhatsApp, one of the world's leading messaging apps, is rolling out a long-awaited new feature. After the update, users in Brazil will be able to shop and pay from within the app. Meta announced that users can now pay small businesses directly in WhatsApp.
Payment Systems
Open banking opens financial data, under the regulations and with the customer's explicit consent, to third-party service providers through standard APIs. The CBRT has published a guide on payment initiation and account information services, covering licensing and technical certification.