Skip to content

Search

"competition"

39 articles found

Law on the Protection of Competition in Türkiye

Laws & Regulations

What Is the Law on the Protection of Competition?

The purpose of this Law is to protect competition by preventing agreements, decisions and practices that restrict competition in goods and services markets, and the abuse of dominance by dominant undertakings.

BKM Express digital wallet screen

E-commerce

Will BKM Express Continue to Exist?

BKM Express has pioneered card storage and digital wallets in Turkey. After the Competition Authority's termination decision, a Board decision revoked it, so BKM Express will continue. Here is the latest situation.

Conceptual illustration of AI agents engaging in online commerce and payments

Agentic Commerce

Agentic Commerce Series – Part 1

The next customer on the internet may not be human. If AI agents become part of purchasing decisions, the rules of e-commerce, marketing, and payment systems could change.

European Payments Initiative (EPI) overview graphic

Payment System Institutions

What is EPI (European Payments Initiative)?

The European Payments Initiative (EPI), formerly known as PEPSI, is an ECB-backed payment integration initiative aiming to build a pan-European payment system and interbank network to rival Mastercard and Visa. Its founding members include BBVA, BNP Paribas, CaixaBank, Commerzbank and others.

Diagram illustrating the PSD (Payment Services Directive) regulatory framework

Merchant & POS

What is PSD (Payment Services Directive)?

PSD stands for Payment Services Directive, known as the Payment Services Law. It took effect in EU countries in 2009, and in 2015 new revisions were announced as PSD1, aiming to build an efficient, fast, secure, and competitive payment market.

Illustration symbolizing the shift from search engines to AI-driven decision engines in online shopping

Payment Systems

Agentic Commerce Series - Part 2

If users start describing their needs instead of searching for products, one of the internet economy's most fundamental habits could change.