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Visa Merchant Purchase Inquiry (VMPI) process diagram

Fraud

What is Visa Merchant Purchase Inquiry (VMPI)?

Chargeback is the process of refunding a credit card payment when the goods or services that should have been received were not, or when transactions not made by the cardholder are identified. In Turkish it is translated as reversal of presentment.

Account Information Service Provider concept icon

Payment Systems

What are Account Information Service Providers?

Digital Account Checking underpins many innovative banking and FinTech services. In most cases, it is performed by Account Information Service Providers, which supply data from customers' online bank accounts to other banks and third-party providers.

Istanbulkart transit and payment card

Credit Card

Istanbulkart: Both Transit Card and Payment Card

When I think back to the Akbil I used when I first arrived in Istanbul, I think it's fair to say that Istanbulkart has undergone a very significant transformation. Users can now track activity, top up and view balances right from their phones.

Illustration of a multicurrency POS terminal supporting multiple foreign currencies

Merchant & POS

What Is a MultiCurrency POS?

Multicurrency POS refers to POS devices that can process transactions in foreign currencies (USD, EUR, GBP, etc.) in addition to Turkish Lira. Merchants using a MultiCurrency POS can process transactions in different currencies for international cardholders.

Illustration of a co-branded credit card combining a bank and a commercial brand

Credit Card

What is a Co-Branded Card?

A co-branded card is a card offered by two or more organizations: one the issuing financial institution, the other a non-financial commercial brand (there may be more than one), such as an airline, hotel, or retail chain.

Diagram showing payment systems components managed in-house by a bank

Merchant & POS

What Is 'In-house' in the World of Payment Systems?

In-house is a term widely used in the world of payment systems. It means that payment systems applications are managed end-to-end within the bank's own systems, both in terms of code and process.

Diagram showing an authorized card transaction that expires before reaching the clearing file

Credit Card

What does it mean for a card transaction to expire?

Due to how payment systems work, authorization is obtained for a transaction first. For a Not Onus transaction (different card and POS banks), the system waits for it to arrive via the clearing incoming file. If it does not arrive within about a week, the transaction expires.

ISO 8583 field 10 cardholder billing conversion rate

ISO 8583

ISO 8583 Field Descriptions (F10)

DE 10, Conversion Rate, Cardholder Billing, is an 8-digit numeric value. The first digit shows the position of the decimal point from the right, and the next 7 digits show the value.

Diagram illustrating the structure of ISO 8583 field F43

ISO 8583

ISO 8583 Field Descriptions (F43)

F43 - CARD ACCEPTOR NAME AND LOCATION: the field that holds the name and location of the merchant/ATM where a card transaction took place. It is 40 characters long and alphanumeric.

Diagram illustrating the ISO 8583 F42 card acceptor identification code field

ISO 8583

ISO 8583 Field Descriptions (F42)

F42 - CARD ACCEPTOR IDENTIFICATION CODE: the merchant number of the terminal where a transaction took place. It is a 15-character alphanumeric value. Transactions are settled to the merchant's account based on the merchant number in this field.