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"chip card"

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Illustration explaining the concept of the first online transaction after a card PIN change

Merchant & POS

What Does First Online Transaction Mean?

In payment systems, an online transaction means the transaction is sent to the card or POS/ATM bank at the moment it occurs, and required checks are obtained from that system. So does every transaction happen online? Of course not. Especially with contactless...

Table showing prepaid card loading, spending and cash withdrawal limits

Prepaid Cards

What Are the Transaction Limits for Anonymous Prepaid Cards?

Prepaid cards are among the most popular cards right now, and their use keeps growing. A prepaid card is not linked to a bank account, has no credit limit like a credit card, and can be used up to the amount loaded onto it.

Diagram showing the EMV chip card static data authentication (SDA) process

EMV

What is a Data Authentication Code (DAC)?

DAC is the abbreviation for Data Authentication Code. It is a piece of data assigned by the issuer and held by the terminal during the Signed Static Application Data verification process.

Diagram explaining the PAN Sequence Number (PSN) field on a chip card

Credit Card

What Is PSN (PAN Sequence Number)?

A 2-character field written to the card's chip data that increases by 1 with each card renewal, allowing authorization to distinguish between the old and new card. This means that, theoretically, assuming no other conditions prevent it, a...

PIN pad device connected to a POS terminal

Merchant & POS

What Is a PIN Pad Device?

A PIN pad lets cardholders safely enter their PIN during POS transactions and lets contactless cards be tapped to transfer card data to the POS. Here is how it works.

Illustration of EMV chip card technology used in VSDC and M/Chip-Lite applications

Credit Card

What is VSDC (Visa Smart Debit Credit) and M/Chip-Lite?

EMV chip cards contain a small, powerful microprocessor that provides enhanced security, faster transactions, and support for loyalty programs. VSDC is Visa's chip-based solution; M/Chip-Lite is Mastercard's low-cost equivalent for banks starting their chip migration.

POS terminal performing a contactless card payment

Contactless

Can I make a 1,000 TL contactless transaction?

Updated info: this article describes the limit at the time it was published. For the current contactless (PIN-free) transaction limit, see the linked article. A 1,000 TL contactless transaction is technically possible, but banks won't take that risk.

OTP SMS service icon illustrating one-time password delivery

Security

What Is OTP? What Is Its Role in End-to-End Security?

With Chip&Pin technology, card PINs and chip-based transactions became widespread. As online shopping grew, strengthening the security of these transactions became a necessity, and OTP began providing that transaction security.

Embossed debit card with raised card number and cardholder name

Debit Card

What is an embossed debit card?

The main difference between embossed debit cards and standard debit cards is that the card number, cardholder name, and expiration date are printed in raised, embossed format rather than flat.

Diagram illustrating the stages a credit card goes through from application to delivery

Credit Card

What stages does a credit card go through before reaching the customer?

Credit cards are undoubtedly the most important payment tool for most of us when shopping. So what stages does a credit card or debit card go through before it reaches our pocket? The customer submits a card application request, and the process continues from there.

Diagram showing the PSE (Payment System Environment) directory used for application selection on an EMV chip card

Credit Card

What is PSE (Payment System Environment)?

PSE (Payment System Environment) is a directory on the card named 1PAY.SYS.DDF01 for a contact chip and 2PAY.SYS.DDF01 for a contactless chip. The Candidate List built via PSE is called indirect or implicit Application Selection.

Table of merchant sectors where offline transactions are restricted

Merchant & POS

In Which Sectors Can Offline Transactions Not Be Performed?

An offline transaction is one approved by the card and the POS themselves, without going to any system (the card's bank or the POS's bank), when a chip card transaction is made at a POS. For this reason, some sectors considered risky are restricted.